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A worrying lump
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The NHS breast screening programme offers breast screening every three years for all women aged between 50 and 70 years. Around one-and-a-half million women are screened in the UK each year. In women over 50 years old, mammographic screening has been shown to reduce the mortality from breast cancer by at least 25%.
The breasts
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
In the UK, women aged 50 up to their 71st birthday are routinely invited for 3-yearly mammography as part of the UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHS BSP); in this service, lesions are most commonly detected as microcalcifications, masses, distortions or parenchymal deformities on mammography and are often impalpable. In other countries mammographic screening programmes have different schedules, for example some recommend 2-yearly mammographic screening.
Use of diagnostic imaging resources
Published in Christopher Riley, Morton Warner, Carolyn Semple Piggot, Amanda Pullen, John Wyn Owen, Releasing Resources to Achieve Health Gain, 2018
This is already well shown in the national breast screening programme. As a general principle, training and quality assurance are best organized in centres of excellence. Screening in any form especially requires a scrupulous technique as sub-clinical abnormalities are being sought. The expertise in a breast screening unit should not only be used for the assessment of cases referred from basic screening, but also for the evaluation of patients with symptoms because the specialist mammographic resources, ultrasound, biopsy and cytopathological techniques are on site. Nowadays there is little justification for isolated mammographic units dealing only with cases where symptoms are present.
Factors associated with breast cancer mammography screening and breast self-examination in Irish women: results from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Breast screening uptake was lower in the younger age category, 50–54 than the 55–59 group and the 60–64 group. The lower rate of screening among the 50–54 group could also be as a result of a lag period, where women gradually begin to uptake screening after turning 50 years old. Initiatives such as making every contact count by the HSE aim to inform patients to make healthier lifestyle choices during routine contacts [33]. Strategies like this will help to improve patients’ self-advocacy, which can result in healthier breast screening behaviour [34]. Health professionals have an important role in motivating all women over 50 years old to attend screening. This is due to their ability to educate women on how to take control of their breast health [34]. The dynamics involved in the communication between women and health-care providers needs to be understood to maximise the effect of this determinant.
Bone health 2022: an update
Published in Climacteric, 2022
T. J. de Villiers, S. R. Goldstein
Contrast that with early detection of cancer. In localized breast cancer where there is no sign that the cancer has spread outside the breast, the 5-year survival according to the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database in the US is 99% [9]! Even regional breast cancer, defined as spread outside the breast to nearby structures or lymph nodes, has an 86% 5-year survival. In developed countries where women have access to periodic competent breast screening by imaging techniques, for many the diagnosis of localized breast cancer and the psychological ramifications may actually exceed the physical manifestations. Contrast that with the statistics provided above concerning osteoporosis and fragility fracture and, hopefully, it becomes obvious why we, as representatives of the International Menopause Society, have chosen the topic of bone health for this extremely important special issue of Climacteric.
How will artificial intelligence impact breast cancer research efficiency?
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Gianluca Franceschini, Elena Jane Mason, Armando Orlandi, Sabatino D’Archi, Alejandro Martin Sanchez, Riccardo Masetti
Today, several commercial FDA-approved AI applications for breast cancer diagnosis are available, and preliminary data examining the case-level performance of these systems are encouraging [4,5]. These algorithms can be used as a ‘second opinion’ to support the radiologist’s decision during the evaluation of a dubious breast mammogram, and other AI applications in breast imaging interpretation are being tested. For example, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has been shown to have a higher cancer detection rate compared to digital mammography alone, but its use in breast screening is currently limited by factors such as higher costs and longer evaluation time [6]: AI can come in aid of radiologists performing screening with this technique by easing lesion detection in DBT images, therefore shortening reading times and allowing utilization of both techniques during screening. Furthermore, given that breast cancer prevalence is generally <1% in the screening population, AI could set a certain threshold of malignancy probability and sift through images to identify mammograms with a high probability of containing no abnormalities, therefore significantly diminishing the radiologist’s burden and allowing clinicians to concentrate only on suspicious cases and DBT evaluation [7].