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The respiratory system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Pneumonia is pulmonary infection, caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. A predisposing factor, such as occult lung cancer, with obstruction behind it, cystic fibrosis, immunosuppression, aspiration, and so on, should always be considered.
Neonatal Pneumonia
Published in Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes, Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
Nursery epidemics due to the Gram negative enteric organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and E. coli have occurred.41 The primary manifestations of these acquired infections are sepsis and meningitis. Pneumonia is infrequent, probably because bacteremia is treated before significant pulmonary disease develops. This is in contrast to infants who aspirate the bacteria directly into the pulmonary tree. Other microrganisms such as Candida spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Flavobacteria, normally of low virulence, may cause nosocomial infections. Risk factors for these infections include prolonged use of antibiotics, longstanding indwelling catheters, prolonged ventilator therapy, prematurity, and central venous hyperalimentation. When pulmonary infection occurs with these organisms it is usually associated with disseminated infection.
Critical Incidents
Published in Elizabeth Combeer, The Final FRCA Short Answer Questions, 2019
C:Ensure cardiovascular stability; manage as appropriate. Sustained hypoxia.Bronchospasm.Pneumonitis.Complications of barotrauma, including pneumothorax due to ongoing high airway pressures.Lobar collapse.Pulmonary infection.ARDS.
Clinical utilization of multiple antibodies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for serodiagnosis evaluation of tuberculosis: a retrospective observational cohort study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
DeWu Bi, ChaoJuan Liang, XiaoXian Huang, HuiDan Pan, Yue Qin, XiMing Shi, YunHua Tang, Ying Wang, MingMei Zhao, JianYan Lin, ZhouHua Xie, LeMin Wen, ChaoYou Chen, XiKe Tang, XiaoCheng Luo, HongHua Shao, XiaoLu Luo
We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cohort study based on prospectively collected and analysed data from clinical practice in Nanning, China. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) admitted to The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning between March 2021 and February 2022, (ii) presence of clinical findings and chest radiographic features that suggested pulmonary infection. Venous blood was sampled within the first 24 h after admission from admitting to TB clinics. (iii) underwent examinations for tuberculosis with subsequent hospitalisation for treatment, and a follow-up of at least 2 months, and (iv) age > 18 years. Out-patients and inpatients lost to follow-up were excluded, and duplicate examinations were only counted once. A three-month follow-up visit was carried out to evaluate the reaction to anti-tuberculosis therapies in light of symptoms and radiographic evidence.
An adolescent girl with obstructive uropathy requiring nephro-ureterectomy was subsequently diagnosed with renal tuberculosis: case report
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2021
Özge Kaba, Manolya Kara, Zuhal Bayramoğlu, Emine Çalışkan, Bilal Çetin, Elnur Karimov, Ünsal Özkuvancı, Yasemin Özlük, Selda Hançerli Torun, Zeynep Nagehan Yürük Yıldırım, Hasan Orhan Ziylan, Ayper Somer
This is a rare case of renal tuberculosis resulting in loss of the left kidney owing to late diagnosis. Urinary TB can be either secondary to haematogenous and lymphatic dissemination of M. tuberculosis from a primary pulmonary focus or owing to local spread from within the abdomen. In immunocompetent children, the disease is detected 5 or more years after the primary infection [4]. Studies in adults have shown that, after primary pulmonary infection, it can take a mean (range) 22 years (1–46) for the disease to develop [5] which explains the low incidence in children. Because of the rarity of renal TB, it is often underdiagnosed. This patient had been treated for VUR for 2 years before TB was suspected. Persistent sterile pyuria despite surgery for VUR eventually prompted the diagnosis of renal TB. Half of renal TB patients have urgency, dysuria, nocturia, pyuria and/or microscopic haematuria which can mimic urinary tract infection [6,7]. Conventional cultures remain sterile in such cases. When diagnosis is delayed, TB can cause strictures, granuloma formation and calcification of the urinary tract [8]. Although it is not clear that the VUR and hydronephrosis detected on initial presentation were completely related to TB, the delayed diagnosis resulted in loss of left kidney function despite all medical and surgical treatment.
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung arising in a type 1 congenital pulmonary airway malformation in a 68-year-old patient: a case report
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2021
A. E. Frick, H. Decaluwé, B. Weynand, M. Proesmans, D. Van Raemdonck
The development of a congenital parenchymatous lung disorder, known as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), has previously been described as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) with an estimated incidence at 1:25,000–1:35,000 births. The classification by Stocker et al. in 1977 originally described 3 different subtypes and was later expanded and renamed into 5 subtypes on the basis of clinical and pathological features [1–3]. Most congenital CPAMs are uncommon and primarily identified in infants and in adults. Depending on the type of CPAM, clinical presentation and prognosis are different. Typical symptoms are recurrent pulmonary infection, productive cough, and hemoptysis. Some patients remain asymptomatic [4]. A number of reports have been published describing the association of adenocarcinoma with type 1 CPAM. The occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma or pleuropulmonary blastoma arising in a CPAM has also been rarely documented [5,6].