China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Respiratory Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Ian Pavord, Nayia Petousi, Nick Talbot
This usually manifests over months, with malaise, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats and productive cough. There may be haemoptysis, breathlessness and chest pain, with or without pleural effusion. Some patients present with tender, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, usually in the anterior triangle, which may be the only manifestation of post-primary disease.
Review on Imaging Features for COVID-19
Published in S. Prabha, P. Karthikeyan, K. Kamalanand, N. Selvaganesan, Computational Modelling and Imaging for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 2021
Generally, there are some key findings, such as pleural effusions, large lymph nodes and lung cavities, which are not seen in COVID-19 (Figure 2.12) (https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/mrap-csd050820.php). Pleural effusions are collections of fluid in the pleural space right outside of the lungs. This is common in congestive heart failure and bacterial pneumonia. Large lymph nodes are in the central part of the lungs; they are common in other types of pneumonia. Finally, lung cavities usually develop in fungal and bacterial pneumonia due to necrosis. Even though a chest-CT is very sensitive for COVID-19, the key findings are GGO, considerations and crazy paving. These are also key findings for other diseases, such as pneumonia, influenza and adenovirus. It is also seen in non-infectious conditions, as represented in Figure 2.13 (https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/mrap-csd050820.php).
Forensic Genetics and Genomic
Published in Cristoforo Pomara, Vittorio Fineschi, Forensic and Clinical Forensic Autopsy, 2020
Francesco Sessa, Francesca Maglietta, Alessio Asmundo, Cristoforo Pomara
A 17-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital because of dyspnea, palpitations, chest discomfort, weakness, and moderate temperature (37.5). Six days before, she fell during beach volley match; after the radiological investigation, a complete left rib fracture was diagnosed. The medical investigation reported a pleural effusion around the left lung, near the trauma area. Radiological and CT examination confirmed the pleural effusion. The patient’s medical history was negative for significant disorders, but the patient declared the use of oral contraceptives. On physical examination, increased resting heart rate of about 110 per minute was found. ECG revealed sinus tachycardia without other abnormalities. The blood samples were taken for laboratory routine tests and bacterial investigations, resulting in normal values. After four days, the general conditions precipitated: hyperpyrexia, dyspnea, tachycardia (140 bpm). Conjecturing a PE, several medical practices were applied such as Ambu (auxiliary manual breathing unit) ventilation and anticoagulant therapy. Nevertheless, despite the medical procedures, the patient became cyanotic, and after several resuscitation attempts, she died.
Synchronous computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy and microwave ablation for highly suspicious malignant lung ground-glass opacities adjacent to mediastinum
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Nan Wang, Jingwen Xu, Guoliang Xue, Cuiping Han, Haitao Zhang, Wenhua Zhao, Zhichao Li, Pikun Cao, Yanting Hu, Zhigang Wei, Xin Ye
The overall incidences of pneumothorax and pleural effusion were 43.88% and 25.51%, respectively. Only 14.29% (14/98) of the patients required chest tube drainage. The outer diameter of the chest tube was 10 Fr and the effective length of the chest tube was 300 mm. The mean length of chest tube insertion was 100 mm (range, 80–150 mm). None of the patients underwent any other invasive treatment for pneumothorax. Adhesion to neighboring extracardiac structures was defined as an ablation scar extending from the ablated tumor tissue to the virtual pericardial space. Three patients presented with local structural changes as a result of the procedure, such as adhesions to neighboring extracardiac tissue (Figure 4) and thickening of the pericardial layers (Figure 5), which had no effect on heart or blood vessel function and did not require any treatment.
Optimal diagnostic strategies for pleural diseases and identifying high-risk patients
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2023
D N Addala, P Denniston, A Sundaralingam, N M Rahman
Pleural diseases represent a wide range of conditions with significant impacts on patients and burden to healthcare systems. The most common presentation of pleural disease is with pleural effusion resulting in symptoms of breathlessness, cough, or fatigue, or as an incidental finding on imaging. There are approximately 1.5 million new pleural effusions identified per year in the United States, and the costs to healthcare systems are significant, with recent US data showing the cost of hospitalization with pleural disease to be over $10 billion per year and readmissions costing over $1 billion annually[1,2]. The need for effective diagnostics in this vulnerable population of patients cannot therefore be understated, with key priorities for emergency and pleural physicians revolving around providing effective, specialized care earlier to minimize the need for hospital admission and repeated pleural procedures. Ascertaining a rapid, accurate diagnosis however is challenging in itself, with over 50 known conditions resulting in pleural disease, and clinical presentation that is often non-specific[3].
Factors associated with early improvement after intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute ischemic stroke
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Nurcan Akbulut, Vesile Ozturk, Suleyman Men, Atakan Arslan, Zeynep Tuncer Issı, Erdem Yaka, Kursad Kutluk
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a syndrome that is characterized by acute pulmonary edema after central nervous system damage. Ischemic stroke is a rare cause of NPE. Sympathetic nervous system activation along with sudden and severe intracranial pressure increase are some of the determined risk factors. While insular cortex lesions are associated with both NPE and cardiac complications, hypothalamus and medulla lesions are more likely to cause isolated NPE [37]. Differential diagnoses include aspiration pneumonia, congestive heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilation-induced lung injury. Case reports of IV rt-PA and NPE have been observed [38]. Furthermore, pleural effusion causes include heart failure, cirrhosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and other infections and cancer. Considering that pleural effusion, which is likely to be perceived along with inflammatory process and cardiac pathology, could be a prognostic marker in acute ischemic stroke patients, the study aimed to evaluate it. Eventually, the frequency of pleural effusion was found to be high in the non-ENI group on the seventh day in our study (p = 0.026).