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Traditional Medicinal Plants for Respiratory Diseases: Mexico
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Armando Enrique González-Stuart, José O. Rivera
Of the 15 leading causes of death in the United States in 2014, chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD) were third on the list and influenza and pneumonia were eighth. Various manifestations of the wide array of respiratory diseases can affect people at the individual, as well as the family level. The diverse forms of respiratory ailments can also take place in various environments, including, workplaces, churches, schools, communities, cities, and states. According to data from 2013, CLRD comprised the third leading cause of death in the US in 2010. Additionally, in a 2-year period (2007–2009), 11.8 million adults were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the primary factor associated with CLRD mortality. Previous research showed that approximately equal numbers to those diagnosed with COPD had not yet been diagnosed.5 In 2010, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) estimated that certain respiratory afflictions (including influenza and pneumonia, other related complications) affected the very young, as well as the old in Mexico.6
Personalized Nutrition in Hypercholesterolemia
Published in Nilanjana Maulik, Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Aktarul Islam Siddique, Nalini Namasivayam
CVDs persist as the major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world (Smith, Collins et al. 2012). It accounts for nearly 801,000 deaths in the US which is about one of every three deaths in the US (Benjamin, Blaha et al. 2017). Each day about 2,200 Americans die of CVD at an average of one death every 40 seconds. Globally, CVD is the foremost cause of death, accounting for more than 17.3 million deaths per year in 2013, a number that is estimated to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. The mortality due to CVD is higher compared to all forms of cancer and chronic lower respiratory diseases combined (Benjamin, Blaha et al. 2017).
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Older Adults
Published in K. Rao Poduri, Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
Chronic lower respiratory diseases have been the third leading cause of death since 2008 in the United States, with the most common condition being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterized by incompletely reversible limitation in airflow. A physiological variable—the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)—is often used to grade the severity of COPD. However, patients with COPD also manifest other signs and symptoms not reflected by the FEV1 endpoint. Moreover, as immune and musculoskeletal function becomes impaired with age, pulmonary endpoints are made even less reliable as markers of capacity due to concomitant chronic conditions of atelectasis, recurrent pulmonary infections, or aspiration pneumonitis.
Burden of influenza in patients with cardiovascular disease who receive antiviral treatment for influenza
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2022
Mitra Corral, Rita de Cassia Castro, Tu My To, Stella Arndorfer, Shu Wang, John Stephens
Covariates for propensity score matching were identified during the baseline period (unless otherwise noted) and included Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, age at index date, sex, insurance plan type, region of the United States, month and year of index date, CVD conditions (as defined in Study cohorts), prior baseline influenza diagnosis (yes/no), evidence of chronic lung disease (including diagnostic codes for cystic fibrosis [E84], chronic lower respiratory diseases [J40x], lung diseases due to external agents [J6x–J7x], and other respiratory diseases principally affecting the interstitium, suppurative and necrotic conditions of the lower respiratory tract [J8x]), and evidence of pre-index HRU (flags within the 180 days before the index date for each of the following: at least one inpatient, ED, or outpatient visit at baseline) [yes/no]).
Retrospective observational study of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence and associated healthcare resource utilization in a large, integrated healthcare system
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Ashley W. Collinsworth, Andrew L. Masica, Rustam Kudyakov, Valentina Bayer, Mark W. Millard, Asif Shaikh
The prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in the US and is an important source of healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs.1–6 Currently, in the US, 19.2 million adults have been diagnosed with asthma and 12.8 million adults have been diagnosed with COPD.7,8 These chronic lower respiratory diseases were the sixth leading cause of death in the US in 20209 and result in over 18 million emergency department (ED) and physician visits each year.7,8 The direct discounted medical cost from 2019 to 2038 attributable to COPD in the US is estimated to be $800.9 billion (95% credible interval: $565.29–$1081.29 billion).10 New population-level approaches are needed to help patients better manage these chronic conditions and avoid unnecessary HCRU. However, there is limited availability of pharmacoepidemiological data related to the incidence, prevalence, and current treatment of asthma and COPD within large populations that can be used to develop strategies to improve care and health outcomes for patients with these diseases.11–13 The objectives of this study were to delineate the real-world period prevalence of asthma and COPD and describe exacerbations, pharmacoepidemiology, and associated HCRU for these conditions within Baylor Scott & White Health (BSWH), a large, integrated healthcare delivery system in North/Central Texas.
Emphysema: looking beyond alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Rob Janssen, Ianthe Piscaer, Frits M. E. Franssen, Emiel F. M. Wouters
Emphysema’s influence on survival was studied in a sample of the general population consisting of 6,814 individuals [9]. During 12 years of follow-up, emphysema on CT was strongly associated with increased mortality due to respiratory diseases (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.94), more specifically to chronic lower respiratory diseases (HR 9.54) and lung cancer (HR 1.84). These associations persisted among those who are traditionally not considered to be at high risk of mortality from respiratory diseases, i.e. <10 pack-years and without a physician-diagnosed respiratory condition.