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Abnormal Personality in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
The main data collection instrument was the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (Cloninger, 1987b), which measures 12 personality features grouped into the categories of harm avoidance, novelty seeking, and reward dependence. Harm avoidance explores anticipatory worry and pessimism, fear of uncertainty, shyness with strangers, and fatigability and asthenia. Novelty seeking evaluates exploratory excitability, impulsiveness, extravagance, and disorderliness. Reward dependence measures sentimentality, attachment, persistence, and dependence.
Anxiety, Depression, and Personality
Published in Siegfried Kasper, Johan A. den Boer, J. M. Ad Sitsen, Handbook of Depression and Anxiety, 2003
Harald N. Aschauer, Schlögelhofer Monika
There are many instruments to assess the personality differences among individuals. Measurements are sometimes categorical and called qualitative measurements. More often, personality is expressed as quantitative measurements. But qualitative measurements as well as quantitative measurements must be reliable (the measurement is dependable) and valid (the test measures what the rater is trying to measure). Some often-used instruments are the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the Rorschach inkblot test [1]. A widely used questionnaire based on the consensual “Big Five” model, is the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Although reliance on self-report may seem unsound, the self-report version of the NEO is stable over time, and the factor structure replicates in different cultures around the world [9].
Patients without psychopathology applying for aesthetic rhinoplasty may display elevated harm avoidance and reduced self-directedness: a cross-sectional, case–control study
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Mehmet Gurkan Gurok, Faruk Kılıç, Sema Sağlam, Neşe Göçer Gürok, M. Murat Kuloğlu, Alpagan M. Yıldırım
Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): Cloninger attempted to develop a psychobiological model on temperament and character in 1987 and based on this model provided the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire as the first scale, and in 1993 Cloninger and his colleagues added one temperament dimension and three character dimensions to this scale and changed its name to Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) [14–16]. TCI is a self-evaluation scale composed of 240 items responded via “right” or “wrong”. It consists of seven main scales. Except the PS, all scales are divided into three to five subscales. It has four temperament scales: NS, HA, RD and PS. The character traits are evaluated through three scales, namely, SD, CO and ST. The adaptation and reliability studies of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) for Turkish language were conducted by Köse et al. [18]. In this study, the Turkish version of the TCI scale Cronbach's alpha values were found to be .66 in the temperament dimension, between .82 and .83 in the character dimension [18].
DRD2 and ANKK1 genes associate with late-onset heroin dependence in men
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2019
Chang-Chih Tsou, Han-Wei Chou, Pei-Shen Ho, Shin-Chang Kuo, Chun-Yen Chen, Chang-Chih Huang, Chih-Sung Liang, Ru-Band Lu, San-Yuan Huang
The modified Chinese version of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was administered to assess the personality traits in patients for subsequent analysis. The modified Chinese version of TPQ is a self-administered true-false instrument that excludes the reward-dependence (RD) dimension to avoid type I error because of a low inter-reliability among Han Chinese in Taiwan (RD, Cronbach’s α = 0.54) (Chen et al. 2002). The Cronbach’s α is a commonly employed index of test reliability, and the acceptable values of the Cronbach’s α range from 0.70 to 0.95 (Tavakol and Dennick 2011). Therefore, only novelty-seeking (NS, Cronbach’s α = 0.70) and harm-avoidance (HA, Cronbach’s α = 0.87) dimensions were analysed in the present study. Of all the male participants included, 274 patients with HD and 142 healthy controls completed the TPQ. Moreover, patients with HD were assessed just after the diagnosis and before or after the withdrawal period to avoid confounding effects as a result of heroin withdrawal symptoms.
Personality Traits in Individuals with the Dual Diagnosis of Psychosis and Substance Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2021
Hyeonju Oh, Seon-Kyeong Jang, Hyeon-Seung Lee, Eun-Byeol Lee, Kee-Hong Choi
To capture multidimensionality of personality traits relevant to substance use disorder, we utilized the four-factor UPPS model of impulsivity encompassing urgency, perseverance, premeditation, and sensation-seeking (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001, 2003) and the four-factor Hierarchical Structural (HS) model encompassing negative affect, unconscientious disinhibition, disagreeable disinhibition and positive affect (Markon et al., 2005), and lastly the trait anhedonia. The UPPS model comprises of a more microscopic picture of impulsivity involving impulsivity-related self-reports such as Barrett Impulsiveness Scale (BIS; Patton et al., 1995), Sensation Seeking Scale V (SSS-V; Zuckerman, 1994) or Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ; Zuckerman, 2002). Four-factor HS model allows us to tap into a higher-level conceptualization of personality with inclusion of self-reports such as Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger et al., 1994) or Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ; Cloninger, 1987). In our studies, facets of NEO-FFI was also considered in both the UPPS and HS model. The fifth factor of the UPPS model, Positive Urgency (Cyders & Smith, 2007), was not included in the present meta-analysis, since aforementioned self-reports do not measure impulsivity-related personality trait when experiencing elevated positive emotions and are better explained by the original four-factor UPPS model. The UPPS and HS models reflect a consensus in the literature with slightly distinct but overlapping composition of personality traits: for example, negative urgency in negative affect, sensation seeking in positive affect, low perseveration and low premeditation in unconscientious disinhibition. Disagreeable disinhibition is related to low agreeableness and antisocial aspects of personality traits. For trait anhedonia, both Physical and Social Chapman Anhedonia Scales are considered, which was theorized based on the idea that anhedonia is genetically transmitted (Chapman et al., 1976). In all, inclusion of abovementioned models allows the exploration of different level of specificity.