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The history of BFRBD treatment
Published in Stacy K. Nakell, Treatment for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors, 2023
Also, as discussed in Chapter 1, there has been a resistance in the behavioral field to acknowledging the intimate connection between trauma and BFRBs, and a trauma-informed approach has been lacking. “The basic difference between a trauma-informed approach and the traditional perspective … is that the traumatic event or experience is never viewed as irrelevant to understanding and treating behavioral or mental health problems,” Courtois and Ford (2013) explain in their seminal work Treatment of Complex Trauma: A Sequenced, Relationship-Based Approach.
Seeking justice through sexual violence prosecutions
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
Jennifer Gentile Long, Patricia D. Powers, Holly Fuhrman, Jennifer Newman
Research, as well as the expertise of allied professionals, can also aid prosecutors' understanding of victim behaviors. As discussed earlier, many aspects of victim behavior that make a sexual assault case challenging for jurors (and possibly for prosecutors and police)—delayed reporting, piecemeal disclosure, gaps in recall, inconsistencies in the victim's account—may be attributable to trauma. Studies by neuroscientists indicate that memories of traumatic events may be fragmented, inaccessible, or less readily retrieved than other memories (see Chapter 8). Chemical changes in the brain during traumatic events affect the ability of victims to recall and recount details of the event. It is important for first responders, investigators/detectives, and prosecutors to have at least a rudimentary understanding of this phenomenon, so they do not draw erroneous conclusions about victim credibility and can interview the victim using trauma-informed techniques that will elicit as much detail as possible (Powers & Campbell, n.d.).
Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Since posttraumatic stress disorder is highly treatable, the prognosis is often very good. The best prognosis is given for patients that seek help earlier in the disease course. Though not curable, treatments for PTSD help patients to eventually heal and accept the traumatic events they have experienced. They learn how to live with their stress and continue with their lives. However, some people with PTSD do not seek treatment, in order to avoid confronting the trauma they witnessed. This has a poor prognosis regardless of whether the affected individual also has diabetes mellitus.
Transdiagnostic Processes Linking Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms to Alcohol Use Severity
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2023
Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Tanya Smit, Anka A. Vujanovic, Michael J. Zvolensky
In addition, there is theory-driven support for examining the role of both emotion regulation difficulties and anxiety sensitivity in uniquely accounting for the association between PTSD symptoms and AUD severity. Specifically, the experience of potentially traumatic events can result in alterations in cognition, including negative appraisals of trauma-related symptoms (e.g., catastrophizing physiological hyperarousal; Ehlers & Clark, 2000; Ehlers et al., 2003) and difficulties with emotion regulation. Those who experience greater PTSD symptoms may manifest difficulty regulating negative emotions due to trauma-related emotional reactivity, which would, in turn, increase their alcohol use and influence drinking motives. Indeed, trauma-exposed adults with elevated PTSD symptoms experience more difficulties modulating emotional distress adaptively and manifest greater sensitivity to anxiety-related physiological sensations (i.e., heightened anxiety sensitivity) due, in part, to trauma-related conditioning (e.g., physiological sensations serve as trauma-related internal cues; (McLaughlin & Hatzenbuehler, 2009; Watkins, 2008). Further, individuals with heightened PTSD symptoms who are motivated to use alcohol to cope with negative affect may be especially likely to drink alcohol due to emotion regulation difficulties and high anxiety sensitivity.
Enhancing Connections between Clinicians and Research in Hypnosis Practice: Strategies for Practice and Training
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2023
Lindsey C. McKernan, Elizabeth G. Walsh
It is possible that clinicians encounter slightly more adverse events in clinical practice due to work with patients who have trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology. Unfortunately, exposure to traumatic experiences is common among the general population, with upwards of 70% of all individuals experiencing a traumatic event in their lifetime (Benjet et al., 2016). Rates of trauma exposure, repeated trauma, and PTSD are higher among individuals with mental health disorders and populations seeking mental health care (Mauritz et al., 2013; Zarse et al., 2019). Yet, research has shown that many individuals seeking mental health treatment are never asked about their trauma background and many cases of PTSD may be missed (da Silva et al., 2019; Lueders et al., 2022).
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Qualitative Disaster Narratives of Highly Trauma-Exposed Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing Nearly a Quarter Century Later
Published in Psychiatry, 2023
Carol S. North, Katy McDonald, Alina Surís
The literature examining effects of memory for traumatic events, including disasters and terrorism specifically, has suggested that memories may remain accurate, detailed, and vivid over time (Brown and Kulik, 1977; Pillemer, 1984; Bohannon, 1988; Cutshall and Yuille, 1989; Norris and Kaniasty, 1992; Conway et al., 1994; Van Giezen et al., 2005; Sotgiu and Galati, 2007), although potential for distortion and inaccuracies of memory for traumatic events over time have been examined as well (Van Giezen et al., 2005). Personal exposure to trauma has been found to be associated with heightened memory for the event (Neisser et al., 1996; McKinnon et al., 2015). Studies have found that emotion does not negatively affect memory. These findings are relevant to the current study because this study examined disaster narratives over time, the sample was highly trauma-exposed, and survival of this event was found to be a highly emotional experience (Abu-Hamad et al., 2022). This literature, however, largely pertains to memories of disaster and trauma studied in early postdisaster periods; the current study provides new impressions of survivors’ personal disaster stories as recounted nearly a quarter century after a terrorist incident. This study furthered the conclusions of the earlier studies by demonstrating that these survivors had vivid, detailed, and intense recall of their immediate bombing experience after a protracted length of time passed.