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Sleep–Wake Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Margaret Kay-Stacey, Eunice Torres-Rivera, Phyllis C. Zee
Definition and clinical features: Nightmares are dreams that awaken the individual, associated with frightening or disturbing content.Typical of dream recall, there is vivid memory of events, colors, movement, and passage of time.Like pleasant dreams, they may recur and continue along a similar theme over a single night or recur across multiple nights without apparent pattern.Like all dreams, nightmares are one of the REM-sleep related phenomena.
Dreaming and mental health
Published in Josie Malinowski, The Psychology of Dreaming, 2020
Trauma doesn’t affect everyone the same way. For some people, it is possible to recover and to continue with life without the event having a major impact on their lives afterwards. Some may even experience post-traumatic growth: to adapt in such a way that subsequent living is improved, perhaps in terms of having a greater appreciation for life. But for others, post-trauma life can become a literal nightmare. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may follow trauma for some, and this is very often accompanied by frequent, incredibly distressing nightmares.
Neurofeedback with PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Published in Hanno W. Kirk, Restoring the Brain, 2020
They have me on prazosin, trazodone, and sertraline. I can’t take them every day, they give me cravings; ice cream, sugar and salt. When I take the meds the way they are prescribed, I gain weight, so I take them every other day, and I have nightmares 3x a week.
Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Kimberly A. Arditte Hall, Kimberly B. Werner, Michael G. Griffin, Tara E. Galovski
Despite limitations and the need for additional research on this topic, the study offers valuable insight into the phenomenon of sleep state misperception in PTSD. Results indicate that women with reexperiencing symptoms, particularly nightmares, may be at especially high risk of experiencing sleep state misperception. This may be due to fear of sleep/sleep-related anxiety that develops from nightmares. Sleep state misperception may represent a fruitful target of intervention for individuals with PTSD and associated sleep disturbance. Investigators may consider targeting sleep state misperception directly, perhaps though psychoeducation about the phenomenon or using data driven feedback (Tang & Harvey, 2006). Alternatively, if nightmares and associated fear of sleep are confirmed to play a causal role in the development and maintenance of sleep state misperception, it may be helpful to target these constructs using cognitive behavioral techniques, such as cognitive reappraisal and/or imagery rehearsal.
Convergent validity of the child behavior checklist sleep items in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Suncica Lah, Stefan Bogdanov, Naomi Brookes, Adrienne Epps, Arthur Teng, Isabella Maria Beatrice Ocampo, Sharon Naismith
The “nightmares” item from the CBCL was the significant independent predictor of the initiating and maintaining sleep from the SDSC. Nightmares are characterized by disturbing dreams that can evoke intense fear and anxiety, sudden awakening and difficulties getting back to sleep. Indeed, the “nightmares” item had significant correlations with bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety in a study by Becker and colleagues (4), which may explain difficulties initiating sleep in children who experience nightmares. In the same study, the “nightmares” and “talks and walks in sleep” items from the CBCL correlated with a diagnosis of parasomnia. In our study, both these items, as well as “trouble sleeping” were correlated with the arousal scale of the SDSC. Nevertheless, when placed in the regression analysis, only the “talks and walks in sleep” item remained a significant independent predictor of the SDSC arousal scale. Hence, the “talks and walks in sleep” item from the CBCL may be suggestive of parasomnias in children with moderate to severe TBI.
Examining the Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Disturbing Dreams and Nightmare Severity Index (DDNSI) Consequences Sub-component
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2021
Sarah F. Allen, Maria Gardani, Asha Akram, Kamila R. Irvine, Umair Akram
Nightmares are considered to be significantly vivid and dysphoric dreams composed of efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Often, nightmares are proceeded by startled awakenings with detailed recall of dream content, typically resulting in significant daytime impairment and reduced quality of life (Nielsen & Levin, 2007; Ohayon et al., 1997). Nightmares may present with levels of typically observed affective arousal (i.e. limbic activation, eye movement, respiratory activity, and sweating) during the REM sleep period (Nielsen & Levin, 2007). Nightmares are considerably prevalent, at a rate of up to 6% of the general population reporting weekly nightmares (Bixler et al., 1979; Janson et al., 1995). This rate is considerably higher during adolescence and young adulthood (Levin & Fireman, 2002) with approximately 19% of young people experiencing frequent severe nightmares (Cranston et al., 2011; Russell et al., 2018). Nightmares are commonly associated with diminished physical and psychological well-being (Blagrove et al., 2004; Krakow, 2006; Levin & Fireman, 2002) and the experience of psychiatric difficulties at both symptom and disorder level. Specifically, the experience of nightmares is evidenced to be associated with anxiety, depression (Germain & Nielsen, 2003; Zadra & Donderi, 2000), post-traumatic stress (Krakow, 2006; Semiz et al., 2008), borderline personality disorder (Semiz et al., 2008), and psychosis (Akram, Gardani, et al., 2020; Krakow, 2006; Levin & Fireman, 2002; Sheaves et al., 2015).