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Family Strategies
Published in Elaine Kelman, Alison Nicholas, Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering, 2020
Elaine Kelman, Alison Nicholas
Night terrors are a relatively common phenomenon in children between the ages of three and eight years of age, tending to peak at around three and a half years of age and are often a phase which passes without any form of treatment. Night terrors tend to occur earlier in the child’s sleep cycle, often before the parents have gone to bed. The child semi-wakes in great distress, often screaming and shaking. They are in a state similar to sleep walking, not being fully awake and unaware of what is happening. We caution parents against waking the child, but suggest they offer comfort and reassurance and the child usually goes back to sleep, waking the next day with no recollection of what has happened.
Neurotic disorders
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Night terrors: Less common than nightmares and occur in children. They can continue into adult life. The child wakes up a few hours after sleeping and may be terrified and confused. Occurs in stage 3–4 of sleep. Benzodiazepines and imipramine may be used in the short term. They do not occur in PTSD or dissociative disorders as is often asked in exams.
Cerebral
Published in A. Sahib El-Radhi, Paediatric Symptom and Sign Sorter, 2019
Nightmares are differentiated from night terrors by easy recall of the event. Night terrors are usually associated with a cry or piercing scream; the child looks flushed, frightened and agitated, and is not easily aroused. The child cannot recall the event the next morning.
Sleep across childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review of the literature and clinical case examples
Published in Children's Health Care, 2022
Melanie A. Stearns, Carolyn E. Ievers-Landis, Christina S. McCrae, Stacey L. Simon
The recommended amount of sleep for preschoolers is 10–13 hours including daytime naps until between 3–5 years of age (Paruthi et al., 2016). However, estimates suggest that 25% of children under 5 years old do not get the recommended amount of sleep (Bathory & Tomopoulos, 2017). Common sleep difficulties in preschool-aged children include difficulty falling asleep independently and waking up in the night and requiring the help of a parent to get back to sleep (Bathory & Tomopoulos, 2017). It is also common for many preschoolers to experience nighttime fears and nightmares, although these are likely to decrease with age (Petit et al., 2015). Sleepwalking and night terrors are frequent in this age range (Petit et al., 2015). Poor sleep among children can negatively impact cognition, learning, attention, mood, and anxiety (Hall, Scher, Zaidman-Zait, Espezel, & Warnock, 2012). For example, preschoolers may be more irritable, have frequent and longer tantrums, be aggressive, and act with greater impulsivity when they do not obtain adequate sleep (Scharf, Demmer, Silver, & Stein, 2013). Research has shown that consistent routines are one of the most important ways to ensure good sleep habits among young children (Mindell & Williamson, 2018).
Expanding Fear of Loss of Vigilance: Intolerance of Uncertainty, Responsibility for Harm, and Fear of Sleep for Predicting Nocturnal Panic
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2021
Nicole S. Smith, Daniel W. Capron
Many who suffer from panic disorder experience panic attacks during sleeping states in addition to wakeful states (Craske et al., 2001). Nocturnal panic attacks begin while the individual is sleeping and result in awakening in the midst of a panic attack (Freed et al., 1999). Nocturnal panic attacks comprise the same symptoms as panic attacks while awake (daytime panic) but occur during the transition from light to deep sleep (Craske & Rowe, 1997). Similar to unexpected daytime panic, nocturnal panic occurs in the absence of obvious triggers (e.g., nightmares or night terrors; Craske & Rowe, 1997). Nocturnal panic does not result from being awoken by environmental stimuli (e.g., alarms or thunder) or waking from sleep and panicking after a period time (Craske & Tsao, 2005). The causes of nocturnal panic attacks remain unknown.
Planned Dream Interventions: A Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial to Evaluate a Psychological Treatment for Traumatic Nightmares in UK Military Veterans
Published in Military Behavioral Health, 2019
Justin Havens, Jamie Hacker Hughes, Fiona McMaster, Roger Kingerlee
Participants were U.K. military veterans experiencing traumatic nightmares at least weekly with, or without, a formal diagnosis of PTSD. Nightmares did not need to exclusively relate to military experiences, or even be based on real life events and, therefore, included idiopathic nightmares. This would also include those who experienced night terrors, which includes screaming and other bodily symptoms but with no clear recall of dream content. Exclusion criteria, based on self-report responses during telephone screening interviews, included those currently in trauma focused therapy, as this may have a confounding impact on nightmares and PTSD symptoms. Also excluded were those at higher risk who may not be suitable for attendance at a group event without in-depth screening due to, for example, a diagnosis of serious mental illness (e.g. personality disorder, psychosis, bipolar disorder), prescribed antipsychotic medication by a psychiatrist, and finally in current crisis with suicidal ideation or recent history of self-harm.