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Time
Published in James Phelan, Narrative Medicine, 2023
With order, Genette posits that the default setting is to match the sequence of events in the told with their sequence in the telling. In “Close Calls,” Wolff tells about three times when he almost lost his life, and his telling follows the order of their occurrence during his tour of duty in Vietnam. But Genette is more interested in identifying and discussing the two main kinds of mismatches between the order of the told and that of the telling: analepsis and prolepsis. Genette defines analepsis this way: “any evocation after the fact of an event that took place earlier than the point in the story where we are at any given moment” (40). This formulation, “any evocation after the fact,” means that the more common term “flashback” is not an exact synonym for “analepsis” but rather identifies one frequently used kind. Flashback typically refers to the narration of an event or a series of events. Thus, in a statement such as “I love you more today than yesterday,” most people would say that we have an analepsis (everything after “than”) but not a flashback. The same logic applies to prolepsis and flashforward.
Creative Arts and Somatic Therapies
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Roberta Shoemaker-Beal, M. A. Lawless Coker
Eye movement desensitization regulation (EMDR) was developed by psychologist Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989 to address the brain trauma that occurs due to adverse life experiences. Dr. Shapiro developed this eight-stage approach to achieve rapid positive therapeutic outcomes without the client having to really relive the psychological trauma event through verbally focused therapy approaches (Shapiro, 2002). This approach has shown in several studies that EMDR therapy was more effective than trauma-focused, verbal cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and decreased negative emotions and disturbing images, often experienced as nightmares and troublesome flashbacks by traumatized people, and other memory effects of psychological trauma (Shapiro, 2002). The efficacy of EMDR therapy is due to the rapid decrease of distressing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with standard EMDR being completed in 8 therapeutic sessions while TF-CBT can take up to 50 sessions to effect even close to the same level of emotional regulation and mediation of trauma symptoms (van der Kolk, 1994; van der Kolk et al., 1996; van der Kolk, 2006a).
Psychiatric Problems in Addicts
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
Flashbacks occur among users of concentrated forms of marijuana (hashish), LSD, other psychedelic drugs, and PCP. Reproduction of the psychic high with distorted time, space, color, and imagery without apparent cause or provocation is the experience, and it often produces fright in the person who experiences it and may by itself provoke panic. Both dry drunks and flashbacks diminish in frequency as the interval from drug use becomes longer and longer.
The Lost Daughter: Gerontological Reflections on the Life Course Perspective’s Missing Plot
Published in Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 2022
Nested in a flashback structure, Gyllenhaal offers a complex journey into the emotional life of the main character, Leda. The scenes though, do not function as flashbacks, rather they run almost parallell to the present-day sequences offering a deliberate strangeness and unpredictability to the plot. It begins with Leda (a fantastic Olivia Coleman), as an accomplished middle-aged professor of comparative literature, who settles into her idyllic Greek vacation with intentions of reading, writing, taking quiet strolls on the beach or simply gazing at the ocean. She is on a solo working-holiday but the film doesn’t attempt to either apologize or sympathize with Leda’s aloneness; in fact, Leda is shown to be perfectly comfortable with her alone self, often consumed in her thoughts where every day pleasantries seem irrelevant and borderline unbearable (for instance caretaker Lyle’s kindness and attention to Leda’s comfort are often met with terse responses). And yet, the film makes no sentimental effort in portraying Leda’s self-absorption as uncaring or devoid of emotional frailties. As such, Leda’s resolve to be alone offer both the character and the film a sense of purpose as we slowly begin to witness her long, unforgiving self-examination.
Hypnotizability and the Natural Human Ability to Alter Experience
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2021
The mechanism of dissociative flashbacks may begin with the fact that, after a trauma, many trauma survivors try to avoid or block the normal, intrusive memories/images of that event (Berntsen, 2009; Conway et al., 2004; Creamer & Kelly, 1997; Moscovitch, 2008). When these mental efforts are enabled by a superior ability to alter one’s experience, this process can produce a functional amnesia. This hypothetical mechanism is congruent with 19th-century reports that hysterical and dissociative symptoms do not occur immediately (i.e., at the time of the traumatic event); instead, the onset of hysterical or dissociative symptoms is delayed (e.g., Charcot, 1991). More recently, Yovell et al. (2003) conducted a study using repeated measures among survivors of terrorist attacks and found that the onset of an amnesia for the event was not immediate; it was delayed by days or weeks.
Survival after acute episodes of immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) – cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life impact: a descriptive cross-sectional survey of adults living with iTTP in the United Kingdom
Published in Hematology, 2021
Steve Holmes, Lauren Podger, Catherine Bottomley, Ewelina Rzepa, Karen M. A. Bailey, Fleur Chandler
A high prevalence of flashbacks was also reported by the survey respondents, a common feature in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [34]. Another cross-sectional survey of patients with TTP found that approximately one-third screened positive for possible PTSD [27], suggesting patients with iTTP may experience multiple psychological co-morbidities. Adults with iTTP have described the terror and fear of dying during an acute episode and expressed the belief that surviving had changed them mentally and physically, due to fatigue and cognitive difficulties [31]. Researchers have recommended the administration of annual screening for depression and cognitive function among adults who are in remission from iTTP and improved pathways to psychological or pharmacological interventions [15,26], and we argue that this should also include consideration of PTSD. Given the devasting impacts that mental health problems can have on HRQoL, this also suggests the need to reconceptualize recovery from iTTP to one that goes beyond biochemical definitions.