China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Food Allergy
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Alison Cassin, Ashley Devonshire, Stephanie Ward, Meghan McNeill
When it comes to infants, the caregivers control all aspects of feeding – from the choice to feed human milk or formula selection, to timing and type of complementary foods introduced. Because a food allergy diagnosis during infancy can disrupt infant weaning resulting in delayed complementary feeding, referral to a dietitian at this stage is paramount. As the child matures, the opportunity for accidental exposures to allergens increases as she enters new environments with less parental supervision. In this regard, infant management is more straightforward; they are often confined to the home and dependent on caregivers to provide food. But as older infants and toddlers move to daycare and preschool settings, age-specific behaviors like significant hand-to-mouth play and thumb-sucking increase the risk of oral exposures. Reactions occurring outside the home are more frequent in young children. Since many daycare centers are peanut- and tree nut-free, the most reactions occurring in these settings are to cow’s milk.
Growth and development
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
1.27. Which of the following conditions is/are within the normal range of development at 4 years of age?Frequent faecal soiling.Frequent day wetting.Thumb sucking.Occasional masturbation.Night wetting.
Headbanging and body-rocking
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
Headbanging and body-rocking are examples of stereotypies – spontaneous repetitive movement patterns that occur in young children, apparently without purpose. The child rhythmically moves his head or torso in a back-and-forth motion. These behaviours happen in normal children, although they are commoner in children with a learning disability or autistic spectrum disorder. In normal children, the peak age of onset for both behaviours is about nine months. By the age of 3–6 years, motor stereotypies occur in 3–4% of normal children, while roughly 25% for thumb-sucking and nail-biting.1 Other behaviours seen in normal children include hair-twisting and face-pulling.2
Thumb sucking or nail biting in childhood and adolescence is associated with an increased risk of Crohn’s disease: results from a large case–control study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Niels Teich, Wolfgang Mohl, Christian Primas, Gottfried Novacek, Annika Gauss, Jens Walldorf, Gisela Felten, Raja Atreya, Wolfgang Kruis, Dominik Bettenworth, Artur Bartosz Roznowski, Jost Langhorst, Karen Schmidt, Tony Bruns, Andreas Stallmach
Strengths of our study are its strict inclusion criteria and the large number of cases and controls. Nail biting rather than thumb sucking seemed to be the statistically dominant risk factor for Crohn’s disease in our study. At the points in time chosen for the primary objective, however, nail biting was 2.5- to 10-fold more prevalent than thumb sucking. This may lead to an overvaluation of nail biting, but the relative risk elevations in thumb sucking school starters and adolescents were still noticeably even if not statistically significant (Figure 4). In this case–control study, we were not able to examine personality profiles and behavioral problems of IBD patients and their siblings. One should be kept in mind, however, that children with nail biting reported significantly more problematic behaviors compared to children without [21]. Unfortunately, whether these behavioral disorders play an important influence on the IBD pathogenesis than the influence on the microbiome must remain speculative.
Relationship Factors in the Theater of the Imagination: Hypnosis With Children and Adolescents
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2019
“Suppose you only used thumb-sucking in private, when you needed comfort, and had another skill for school? Of course, it will need to be a skill that comforts you the way your thumb does. Do you know what happens in and to your body when you suck on your thumb? Let’s figure that out first.” Liz was looking at me slightly dumbfounded. I imagined her internal voice was wondering what planet I lived on. “Go ahead and suck on your thumb and ask yourself: What happens? What changes? Where do you feel comfort?”