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Act for Recovery
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
A habit is a routine, automatic behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously. Habits form without a person intending to acquire them. People also deliberately cultivate or eliminate habits, often part of goal achievement. Habits develop through learning and repetition, especially cues, associations, and reinforcement. It is harder to give up a habit the longer the behavior goes on.
A learning perspective on implementation
Published in Frances Rapport, Robyn Clay-Williams, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Implementation Science, 2022
Per Nilsen, Margit Neher, Per-Erik Ellström, Benjamin Gardner
Adaptive learning involves a gradual shift from slower, deliberate behaviours to faster and more efficient behaviours, yielding increasingly efficient and reliable task performances (Ellström 2001, 2006). This process occurs through habit formation. Habits form when a behaviour is repeated in a specific context. This reinforces associations between the behaviour and features of the performance context (e.g., an environment), to the extent that perceiving the context cues automatically activates an impulse to act, without prior forethought or conscious control (Gardner 2015b, Neal, Wood, and Quinn 2006). Over time, control over behaviour is delegated from effortful deliberative processes to contextual cues. Habits play an important role in instigating various healthcare practices (e.g., taking dental radiographs, placing fissure sealants, and managing low back pain (Eccles et al. 2012, Grimshaw et al. 2011, Presseau et al. 2014)).
Cooking for Diabetes Prevention
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Grace Rivers
Food choices can play an important role in the prevention and management of T2D, especially if paired with healthy lifestyle habits such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and engaging in regular physical activity. This chapter reviewed the available nutrition evidence for many food groups relevant to the development of T2D.
Physical activity and sleep quality correlations with anthropometric measurements in young adults
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Ashley Y. Kim, John H. Gieng, Shiho Osako Luna, Kasuen Mauldin
A focus on positive lifestyle habits such as consistent physical activity and adequate quality sleep is important to help address the rising prevalence of chronic diseases. Researchers have repeatedly found evidence of increased physical activity aiding in weight maintenance and decreasing chronic disease risk. The World Health Organization recommends adults 18 − 65 years old to perform 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week to maintain health.1 Individuals who met these recommendations show decreased percent body fat and maintained or increased lean muscle mass,2 decreased visceral and total fat,3 increased bone mineral density and improved glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity,4 lowered the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and improved mood and boosted energy levels.5 Other studies showed that performing less than the recommended levels of physical activity (e.g. 15 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity 5 days a week) was still beneficial in reducing risks for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.4,6–8
Motivators for physical activity in patients with minor stroke: a qualitative study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Rikke Steen Krawcyk, Laura Cathrine Christoffersen, Anne Kjaergaard Danielsen, Christina Kruuse
It is crucial to address the need for long-term engagement in physical activity shortly after stroke as it is important for maintaining functionality after rehabilitation [28] and help reduce risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The major challenge is how to encourage patients with stroke to be physically active, to maintain the physical activity, and to make it a routine in their daily living. Our participants considered physical activity to be easier to engage in, when it became a daily/weekly routine. In general, habits or automatic actions, require a level of engagement or motivation. Therefore, the easier a behavioral approach is, the higher adherence [34]. It is suggested that it takes 2–3 months of daily repetitions to form a habit, and by performing the behavior it gets progressively easier [35]. To make physical activity a habit, it should be cued by stimuli in the environment, so the individual would not need to decide whether or not to be active [34]. Therefore, small, realistic, and self-determent behavioral changes are preferred to sustain the individual’s interest, as simple actions more easily become habitual [35]. Examples that emerged during the interviews: Bike or walk instead of driving the car when commuting to work or shopping for groceries. Have a fixed recurring appointment with a friend to go for a bike ride. Take the stairs instead of using the elevator.
Do Incentives Crowd Out Motivation? A Feasibility Study of a Community Vector-Control Campaign in Peru
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2023
Alison M. Buttenheim, Ricardo Castillo-Neyra, Claudia Arevalo-Nieto, Julianna E. Shinnick, Justin K. Sheen, Kevin G. Volpp, Valerie Paz-Soldan, Jere R. Behrman, Michael Z. Levy
Our finding that a lottery intervention crowded out motivation to participate in the same behavior when incentives were removed, but not in related behaviors or unrelated behaviors, is instructive in terms of the types of behaviors for which we might expect motivation crowd out. Several previous studies of incentives for health-related behaviors reported that incentives either had no effect on behaviors or actually increased motivation once incentives were removed.9,39 For example, students who were given financial incentives to attend the gym exercised more often and continued to attend the gym more frequently than controls after the intervention had concluded.40 Children who were given stickers when they ate vegetables reported liking vegetables more even when the study was over. When healthy foods at a university were subsidized during a study (a form of incentive), the rate of choosing healthy alternatives increased during the study and further increased after the subsidy was removed.41 A smoking cessation program reported higher abstinence rates 15 months after incentives were removed compared to those that hadn’t received incentives.42 These studies suggest that incentives that encourage habit formation around repeated behaviors may enable persistence beyond the removal of incentives. The behaviors incentivized in this study were one-off or infrequent behaviors that may be more susceptible to motivation crowd out, particularly when an identical behavior is being prompted without the previously offered incentives.