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Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A
Published in Howard J. Rosen, Robert W. Levenson, Neurocase, 2020
J. Narvid, M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller, K. Rankin
Within the realm of social cognition, novel researchers have focused specifically on the neural correlates of the human ability to model mental states and agency, the so-called Theory of Mind (ToM). Research into the relationship between meta-cognitive tasks and social intelligence has engendered interest in three distinct brain areas as the loci of mentalizing: (1) the superior temporal sulcus, (2) the temporal poles, and (3) the superior medial frontal gyrus. Using several different tasks, functional imaging studies investigating brain regions involved in mentalizing find activations in these focal regions (Baron-Cohen et al., 1999; Berthoz, 2002; Brunet, 2000; Castelli, 2000; Gallagher, 2002; Goel, 1995; McCabe, 2001; Vogeley et al., 2001; Wicker, 2003). Similarly, most, but not all lesion-based studies have confirmed similar deficits in the superior frontal gyrus (Bird, 2004; Shamay-Tsoory, 2005; Stuss, 2001).
Adherence and Asthma
Published in Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence, Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
The usual HP interventions occur at level 3 and sometimes level 4. Working in groups can reach level 2, but we need to find more effective ways of enabling level 1 as this has the most powerful effect. The common thread between theories of education and social psychology lies in the individual experience of the patient. This is the area that HPs need to explore before deciding any intervention with the patient. A variety of social cognition models can predict health behaviour (Conner and Norman, 1996) and developments in this area could help us to define those aspects of patient thinking and behaviour that can lead to success.
Social interaction, the beginnings of communication, and the development of a theory of mind
Published in Miguel Pérez-Pereira, Gina Conti-Ramsden, Language Development and Social Interaction in Blind Children, 2019
Miguel Pérez-Pereira, Gina Conti-Ramsden
In this section, we have argued that prelinguistic communication develops through alternative routes in blind children. Blind children have opportunities to develop socially and communicatively within the context of interactions where other sensory modalities other than vision are used and explored. We have also emphasized the crucial compensatory role that language plays in blind children’s development and the positive effects of early interactive, joint attention routines can have in the development of the child as a social, communicative being. In the next section we turn to a specific aspect of social cognition—theory of mind. We begin with a brief historical review. Then, we move to discuss the development of theory of mind in normal children and children with autism. These discussions provide the context for an evalution of (1) blind children’s theory of mind abilities, and (2) the superficial similarities that are sometimes observed between blind children and children with autism. The chapter then ends with some brief concluding remarks.
Effectiveness of integrated psychological therapy on cognitive function among Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2020
Sahar Obeid, Souheil Hallit, Hala Sacre, Gisèle Rouphaël Kazour
On the other hand, social cognition refers to the mental operations that underlie social interactions such as perception, interpretation, and the generation of responses to the intentions, dispositions, and behaviours of others (Green et al., 2008). Schizophrenic patients have been shown to have social cognitive deficits in addition to neurocognitive deficits (Sparks, McDonald, Lino, O’Donnell, & Green, 2010). Many studies in recent years have also associated social cognition with functioning, so that social cognitive performance would explain an additional proportion of the variance of functioning that is not explained by neurocognition (Addington, Saeedi, & Addington, 2005; Torio et al., 2014; Waldheter, Jones, Johnson, & Penn, 2005). Some studies have even shown that social cognition can be a better predictor of functioning than neurocognition itself (Fett et al., 2011; Pijnenborg et al., 2009). Of the myriad of social cognitive components, Theory of Mind (ToM), or the skills to understand the intentions and beliefs of others, appears to have the most robust associations with functional outcomes. For example, several studies have shown that ToM predicts multiple domains of functioning above and beyond the influence of neurocognition (Couture, Granholm, & Fish, 2011; Fett et al., 2011), and accounts for greater variance in everyday functioning than neurocognition and other aspects of social cognition (Brüne, Abdel-Hamid, Lehmkämper, & Sonntag, 2007; Pinkham & Penn, 2006).
Social cognition and traumatic brain injury: current knowledge
Published in Brain Injury, 2019
Philippe Allain, Leanne Togher, Philippe Azouvi
This peer reviewed special issue of Brain Injury captures the main conferences of the 9th International Symposium on Neuropsychology of the Frontal Lobes and Executive Functions (Angers, France, 29 September 2017). This symposium brought together some of the leading scientists and clinical experts in the field of social cognition in an effort to provide the latest understanding of the issues surrounding this complex question. To enrich this special issue, we have also invited international experts in the field of social cognition and social communication disorders following TBI. Additionally, the contributors in this special issue are all members of the Social Cognition, Communication and Affect Special Interest Group of the International Brain Injury Association. The first two articles consider perception of emotion after TBI and introduce new data to elucidate this topic. Lancelot and Gilles provide data showing how visual context influences recognition of facial emotion in people with TBI. Wearne et al. demonstrate that emotion perceptual difficulties following TBI may stem from an inability to experience affective states and may tie in with alexithymia in clinical conditions.
Oxytocin and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia: comparison with healthy siblings and healthy controls
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2018
Kuzeymen Balikci, Orkun Aydin, Cumhur Tas, Aysen Esen Danaci
In the neurocognitive assessment, we found that there was a statistically significant difference in all domains of the WCST between the patient and control groups, but there was statistically significant difference in only WCST perseverative error scores between patients and HS. It was found that patients made more recurrent errors than HS. Theory of mind is one of the sub-fields of the social cognition. Studies conducted with HC showed that cognitive functions such as working memory and executive functions are associated with the performance in theory of mind tests [43–48]. Although HS had a better score in RMET, there was no statistically significant difference between the patients and HS. The difference in WCST perseverative error could explain the difference in RMET scores. These findings seem to support, as usually accepted, that neurocognition has a significant impact on the development of social cognitive capacity, but it is not a determinant by itself.