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Personality
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
These individuals display a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships, and are socially withdrawn and anxious, similar to persons with schizoid personality. The hallmark of schizotypal personality disorder is the presence of eccentricities of behavior and cognitive or perceptual distortions in the absence of frank psychotic symptoms, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The prevalence of schizotypal personality disorder ranges from 0.6 percent to 4.6 percent in community settings, and 0–1.9 percent in clinical populations. It is equally common among men and women.
Clinical Theory and Skills EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
L. There are a number of features in this additional information that are suggestive of schizotypal personality disorder: magical thinking, vague speech, peculiar appearance and probable excessive social anxiety. A psychotic disorder would need to be ruled out, but it appears that these difficulties are longstanding and part of the patient’s personality structure. Schizotypal personality disorder has a prevalence of about 3% in the general population and patients, as in borderline personality disorder, can have brief psychotic episodes, especially during times of stress. [O. p641–5]
Paper 2: Answers
Published in Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar, Practice Examination Papers for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar
False. It was suggested by Kretschmer. Furthermore, it is schizotypal personality disorder that is believed to be related to schizophrenia. In ICD-10 it has been included in the schizophrenia chapter and is now called schizotypal disorder. (10: p.167)
Personality and Affective Correlates of Openness to Experience from Big Five and HEXACO Personality Models: The Dual Nature of Big Five Openness
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Lana Tucaković, Boban Nedeljković
The multidimensional unifying construct of schizotypy encompasses features such as unusual and disorganized thinking, and cognitive-perceptual difficulties that together with interpersonal deficits may lead to the development of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology (Kwapil & Barrantes-Vidal, 2015; Raine et al., 1994). These features can be organized into positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions (Kemp et al., 2020). In the majority of studies that investigated the relationship between Openness to Experience and schizotypy, non-significant or low correlations were found (e.g., Ashton et al., 2012; Miller, 2019; Samuel & Widiger, 2008; Saulsman & Page, 2004; Watson et al., 2013). There are two predominant explanations for the lack of a strong and consistent relationship between Openness to Experience and schizotypy. It has been argued that positive and negative schizotypy symptoms correlate with Openness to Experience in opposite directions, with the former being positively related to Openness to Experience and the latter negatively (Chmielewski & Watson, 2008; Ross et al., 2002). There is also an alternative explanation that subdomains of Openness to Experience – Openness and Intellect have opposite correlations with schizotypy, with Openness being positively correlated and Intellect negatively, which leads to zero correlations with measures of schizotypy when the total score on the Openness to Experience domain is used (Chmielewski et al., 2014).
Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale–Brief: Item and Scale Test–Retest Reliability and Concordance of Original and Brief Forms
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2020
Kathryn C. Kemp, Georgina M. Gross, Thomas R. Kwapil
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by psychosis, negative symptoms, and disruptions in thought and behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Current models suggest that schizophrenia is the most extreme manifestation of a continuum of clinical and subclinical impairment referred to as schizotypy (Kwapil & Barrantes-Vidal, 2012; Lenzenweger, 2010; Meehl, 1990). Schizotypy offers a useful construct as it encompasses subclinical manifestations, the psychosis prodrome, and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The construct also provides a framework for investigating the etiology, development, and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology (Kwapil & Barrantes-Vidal, 2015) without the confounds associated with clinical disorders (Lenzenweger, 2006). Schizotypy is heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity can be captured in a multidimensional structure that includes positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions (Kwapil & Barrantes-Vidal, 2015; Mason & Claridge, 2006; Vollema & van den Bosch, 1995). Positive schizotypy involves odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences, and suspiciousness. Negative schizotypy is characterized by diminished functioning such as affective flattening, anhedonia, avolition, anergia, and social withdrawal. Disorganized schizotypy is characterized by disturbances in thoughts, speech, and behavior.
Does the Homo Hypnoticus Exist? Personality Styles of People Interested in Hypnosis
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
In natural science circles, schizotypy is also not a favorable personality trait. Schizotypy has been theoretically interpreted in different ways (Goulding, 2004), for example, as the benign form of schizophrenia (Gruzelier, 1996; Rabella et al., 2016), but also as a normally distributed personality trait (Mason et al., 1995). Usually, three subscales or facets are described: (1) cognitive-perceptual phenomena, (2) interpersonal problems and (3) disorganization in behavior and language. In the context of hypnosis, so far only the first, the cognitive-perceptual facet, which refers to unusual perception and magical thinking, has been mentioned.