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Psychotropic Use during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis of any cause (e.g., psychotic depression, bipolar disorder, substance-induced hallucinations, delirium-induced psychosis). These medications are used “Off-label” to augment antidepressant and anti-anxiolytic therapy. Antipsychotic drugs are usually continued only as long as the underlying cause of psychosis is present because tardive dyskinesia occurs in association with these medications, and is not always transient. Antipsychotic drugs were formerly called neuroleptics or major tranquilizers.
Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Other known side effects include drowsiness, confusion, disorientation, restlessness, psychosis, and renal toxicity. Less common problems include GI symptoms (e.g., diarrhea or constipation), convulsions, anorexia, jaundice, thrombophlebitis, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute pancreatitis, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Cyclophosphamide is both teratogenic and carcinogenic, and so barrier contraception during, and for at least six months after, treatment in men or women is advised, and breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Psychosocial approaches - 2 Enhancing recovery and staying well
Published in Kathy J Aitchison, Karena Meehan, Robin M Murray, First Episode Psychosis, 2021
Kathy J Aitchison, Karena Meehan, Robin M Murray
Two main kinds of investigations have examined the course and outcome of patients with their first episode of psychosis. The first type is the longterm retrospective study, often examining the patients’ old medical files. The second is the prospectively designed cohort study. The latter provides more reliable information but is far more difficult to conduct; first-episode patients are relatively few, and having recovered from what is almost invariably a deeply unpleasant experience, they are often difficult to maintain in follow-up. Nevertheless, it is possible, as shown by the study of Takei et al,303 who followed up a series of patients who presented their first psychotic episode in 1973/4, and managed to trace more than 95% of subjects 18 years later; perhaps surprisingly, there was a high degree of concordance between the initial diagnosis and that at the 18-year follow-up.
Cariprazine for treating psychosis: an updated meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2023
Marcelo B. Generoso, Ivan Taiar, Quirino Cordeiro, Pedro Shiozawa, Siegfried Kasper
Psychosis is a psychiatric syndrome related to conditions in which there has been some loss of contact with reality. This syndrome includes major symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and cognitive impairment. In clinical daily practice, well-established psychiatric disorders may present with psychosis such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and it is not uncommon that symptoms of both disorders overlap making the definitive diagnosis an ongoing challenge especially in first episodes (Pearlson, 2015). It is clear that early treatment of psychotic illness with antipsychotic medications improves outcomes and reduces relapse rates, but treatment response and tolerability are highly variable and many patients have unremitting symptoms in spite of adequate pharmacological trials (Zipursky et al., 2014). Hence it is crucial initiating effective treatment of psychosis even before definitive diagnosis is made.
Physical health of individuals with psychosis – a mixed method study
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2022
Tamara Pemovska, Nikolina Jovanović
Based on this study, the following implications can be made regarding the care of individuals with psychosis. Firstly, mental health clinicians should ask individuals with psychosis about their physical heath during routine mental health appointments. This is because most individuals with psychosis are keen to address their physical health issues and may not have this opportunity elsewhere. Secondly, it is important to repeatedly ask people with psychosis about their physical health concerns, rather than in on-off meeting or on annual basis, as that can increase the number of people who take on this opportunity. Lastly, mental health clinicians can expect to hear from their patients that they want to lose weight, adopt a healthy diet, stop smoking, start attending physical health appointments, etc. Some of these goals can be very ambitious and difficult to achieve without structured and continued external support. Therefore, professionals should be aware of available resources in the community that could be of use to their clients. Or, if resources are limited, professionals can create a local programme and engage family members as volunteers.
Repurposing antipsychotic drugs for cancer treatment: current evidence and future perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Georgios D. Lianos, George A. Alexiou, Stefano Rausei, Vasiliki Galani, Michail Mitsis, Athanasios P. Kyritsis
Antipsychotics are a widely used medication used to manage a plethora of psychotic disorders. We describe two generations of antipsychotics. In detail, first-generation antipsychotics, developed in the 1950s’, are dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as typical antipsychotics, while the novel, second-generation, antipsychotics also function at other receptors, including antagonizing the serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2AR). It is reported that the first-generation drugs work by inhibiting dopaminergic neurotransmission, while second-generation drugs work by blocking D2 dopamine receptors as well as serotonin receptor antagonist action [5]. First-generation antipsychotics are associated with more extrapyramidal motor side-effects and prolactin elevation and are of lower cost, while second generation may cause weight gain and sedation.