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Psychotropic Use during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis of any cause (e.g., psychotic depression, bipolar disorder, substance-induced hallucinations, delirium-induced psychosis). These medications are used “Off-label” to augment antidepressant and anti-anxiolytic therapy. Antipsychotic drugs are usually continued only as long as the underlying cause of psychosis is present because tardive dyskinesia occurs in association with these medications, and is not always transient. Antipsychotic drugs were formerly called neuroleptics or major tranquilizers.
Substance Use Disorders
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Withdrawal from cocaine is usually mild, if present, and not life threatening for the mother or fetus. Benzodiazepines can be given to relieve symptoms [123]. Rarely, psychotic symptoms during withdrawal may require treatment with antipsychotic medications.
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
These agents are serotonin-dopamine antagonists that block both 5HT 2A serotonin receptors and D2 dopamine receptors. Antipsychotic drugs that are most often used in children are risperidone, olanzapine, quietapine, clozapine, amisulpride.
Switching to long-acting injectable antipsychotics: pharmacological considerations and practical approaches
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Mikkel Højlund, Christoph U. Correll
Knowledge about time to peak, half-life and time to steady state of antipsychotic plasma levels will determine the optimal approach to switching. If the active antipsychotic substance is released immediately and in sufficient amounts, oral supplementation is not necessary, and switching can focus on avoiding rebound effects or overlapping pharmacodynamic effects of antipsychotics with similar receptor profiles. If the active substance is not released immediately or in amounts too low to achieve clinically effective plasma levels within days, oral supplementation is necessary. Due to long plasma half-lives of LAIs after multiple injections, switching from one LAI to another can often be done by replacing the next scheduled injection with the new LAI and without the need for oral supplementation. Preexisting plasma levels of the pre-switch LAI will provide antipsychotic coverage and decrease only slowly until sufficient amounts of the post-switch LAI have been released from the injection site.
Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries using antipsychotic medications for FDA-approved indications before and after transitioning from the community to a nursing home
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Kyle Pérez, Michele Berrios, Bruce Pyenson, Heidi C. Waters
Policy interventions in NHs aimed at reducing the acute events included in our analysis through a reduction in AP use in people with FDA-approved conditions may not achieve intended results given these findings, as decreases in AP use were not associated with a reduction in events. Antipsychotic drugs are widely used in maintenance therapy for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and other less common medical conditions. However, there is a misalignment in the Star Ratings such that bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are included in the AP quality metric, even though APs are approved by the FDA for these conditions. Because these conditions are not excluded from the Star Ratings, the quality metrics may inappropriately limit AP use among these patients.
Repurposing antipsychotic drugs for cancer treatment: current evidence and future perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Georgios D. Lianos, George A. Alexiou, Stefano Rausei, Vasiliki Galani, Michail Mitsis, Athanasios P. Kyritsis
Antipsychotics are a widely used medication used to manage a plethora of psychotic disorders. We describe two generations of antipsychotics. In detail, first-generation antipsychotics, developed in the 1950s’, are dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as typical antipsychotics, while the novel, second-generation, antipsychotics also function at other receptors, including antagonizing the serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2AR). It is reported that the first-generation drugs work by inhibiting dopaminergic neurotransmission, while second-generation drugs work by blocking D2 dopamine receptors as well as serotonin receptor antagonist action [5]. First-generation antipsychotics are associated with more extrapyramidal motor side-effects and prolactin elevation and are of lower cost, while second generation may cause weight gain and sedation.