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Measurement Models for Patient-Reported Outcomes and Other Health-Related Outcomes
Published in Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle, Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medicine, 2021
Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle
In psychometrics, internal validity exists when responses to a set of questions measure a construct (or constructs) as expected. This differs from the more general concept of internal validity in research methods. In research methods, a study is internally valid when the research design rules out alternative explanations for a cause and effect relationship. Relatedly, in research methods, external validity relates to how generalizable the study findings are to a population beyond the study’s sample.
Psychometric measurement of professional identity through values in nursing and medicine
Published in Roger Ellis, Elaine Hogard, Professional Identity in the Caring Professions, 2020
The major outcome evaluated is the fitness for purpose of the test for initial applicant screening. The test is also evaluated with regard to its compliance with psychometric standards and hence its psychological probity and defensibility as a basis for decisions. The processes required for the tests are evaluated with regard to feasibility and cost effectiveness. With regard to stakeholder perspectives, the acceptability of NM to applicants is evaluated. Additionally, the data are analysed to explore gender differences and the provisional identification of leadership potential.
Australian Rules Football and Rugby League
Published in Mark R. Lovell, Ruben J. Echemendia, Jeffrey T. Barth, Michael W. Collins, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports, 2020
Anton D. Hinton-Bayre, Gina Geffen
Preliminary preseason data on 71 professional rugby league players retested within 1-2 weeks showed that 80% and 73% of players demonstrated improved performance on retesting for the Digit Symbol and Speed of Comprehension tests respectively. These results have several implications. First, whether or not preseason data are available to compare with performance following trauma, retest norms will be required in order to control for the effects of practice. Second, practice effects may depend on type of measure employed. Tests involving some component of timed performance appear to be differentially affected by repeated administration. Third, improved performance was noted even when alternate forms were utilised. Thus alternate forms are a necessary, but not sufficient method of controlling practice effects. Fourth, the retest interval appears to be of great importance. Retest intervals of around one year tend not to result in improved performance (Lovell & Collins, 1998; Temkin, Heaton, Grant, & Dikmen, 1999). Retest interval and magnitude of practice effect appear to be inversely related. As many psychometric texts remind us, the reliability and validity of a test are features of its use, rather than characteristics of the test itself. Establishing retest normative data that mirror the testing schedule desired in pre/post concussion assessment would be of great assistance to the clinician in terms of ascertaining the presence of deficit and rate of recovery.
Moral Distress Is a Systemic Problem Requiring Organizational Solutions
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Laura Kolbe and Inmaculada de Melo-Martin (2023) give perspective on the challenge of measuring and defining the concept of moral distress (MD). Limitations in psychometric instruments are a constant obstacle for researchers who aim to use results to generalize findings and identify recommendations. There is often tension or compromise in methodological decisions resulting from psychometric shortcomings. This paradigm significantly impacts how we measure clinicians’ MD. Further complicating measurement of clinician distress is the plurality of constructs that exist in the literature, including, but not limited to: MD, moral injury (MI), burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019). Overlapping, inconsistent, and evolving concepts make it difficult to employ a measurement tool with only one theoretical framework.
Cross-Cultural Performance Validity Testing: Managing False Positives in Examinees with Limited English Proficiency
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2022
Sami Ali, Iulia Crisan, Christopher A Abeare, Laszlo A Erdodi
The lack of a clear, predictable pattern along the interaction between level of verbal mediation and the examinee’s relative proficiency in the language of test administration points toward the possibility that other, unmeasured variables may have contributed to the findings. For example, the cultural norms around the importance of psychometric testing (and the resulting variability in the effort invested in excelling at a given task) may have shaped test performance (Ardila, 2020). Naming as many animals as possible in 1 min or fitting tiny metal pegs into oddly shaped holes may appear trivial tasks to someone who was socialized outside the Western culture and educational system that emphasizes paper-and-pencil testing and performance metrics from an early age. Therefore, the individual may feel less motivated to excel at such activities due to a qualitatively different learning history/cultural conditioning (Roivainen, 2019).
Cross-cultural adaptation, translation, and validation of the functional assessment scale for acute hamstring injuries (FASH) questionnaire for French-speaking patients
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Médéa Locquet, Tom Willems, Clément Specque, Charlotte Beaudart, Olivier Bruyère, Julien Van Beveren, Nadia Dardenne, Jean-Yves Reginster, Jean-François Kaux
Construct validity is a psychometric property that consists of two components: convergent validity and divergent validity. Their measurement is made possible by evaluating the association, using the correlation coefficient, between the FASH-F result and subscales of the SF-36. Hypotheses were formulated concerning the two types of validity:Convergent validity: There is a strong correlation between the score of the FASH-F questionnaire and subscales of the SF-36 regarding the evaluation of similar concepts (i.e., “physical functioning,” “role limitation due to physical problems,” “bodily pain,” and “general health”).Divergent validity: There is a weak correlation between the score of the FASH-F questionnaire and subscales of the SF-36 regarding the evaluation of different concepts (i.e., “mental health,” “role limitation due to emotional problem,” “social functioning,” and “vitality”).