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Research in the clinical setting
Published in Robert Jones, Fiona Jenkins, Managing and Leading in the Allied Health Professions, 2021
Validity relates to the data collected during research. Data are said to be valid when they represent what they purport to represent or, put another way, a piece of measurement equipment is said to be valid when it measures what it purports to measure. There are various forms of validity: face validity, content validity, criterion-related and construct
Measurement Models for Patient-Reported Outcomes and Other Health-Related Outcomes
Published in Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle, Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medicine, 2021
Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle
Construct validity encompasses validity of measurement; it is the degree to which a construct measures the concept it was supposed to measure [49]. If one can demonstrate evidence for convergent and discriminant validity, as subcategories of construct validity, then one has demonstrated evidence for construct validity. Factorial validity is a type of construct validity as evaluated using factor analysis.
Emerging Topics
Published in Demissie Alemayehu, Birol Emir, Michael Gaffney, Interface between Regulation and Statistics in Drug Development, 2020
Demissie Alemayehu, Birol Emir, Michael Gaffney
A commonly used psychometric approach for the assessment of validity involves the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The former is used to generate hypotheses about the concepts represented by the various items, and to guide decisions about the items that are conceived to be of relevance. In confirmatory factor analysis, the goal is to establish the acceptability of a prespecified hypothesis about various aspects of the measure. Alternatively, IRT may also be used to assess validity. In this approach, the probability of response to an item is expressed as a function of certain latent attributes and parameters. Other ways of assessing validity, mentioned earlier, may include demonstration of correlations with existing measures that address the same concept (convergent validity), or that assess other concepts (divergent validity).
Development and validation of the Pediatric Asthma kNowleDge and mAnagement (P.A.N.D.A) questionnaires
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Clara Levivien, Jennifer Kendrick, Roxane Carr
Face validity is defined as the extent to which a test appears to measure what it is intended to measure. A test in which most people would agree that the test items appear to measure what the test is intended to measure would have strong face validity (11). Therefore, even though face validity remains a subjective method for validity, we conducted a face validity with childhood asthma experts and other types of validity tests later described in this manuscript. To confirm the face validity of the PANDA questionnaires, the three questionnaires were examined by a group of experts, as previously defined, who reviewed all of the questionnaires and assessed the general readability level, clarity, and comprehensiveness. They determined whether the PANDA questionnaires seemed to assess the domain of asthma knowledge and management we wanted to evaluate. They were also invited to comment on the wording of items and response format.
mHealth technologies used to capture walking and arm use behavior in adult stroke survivors: a scoping review beyond measurement properties
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Camila Torriani-Pasin, Marika Demers, Janaine C. Polese, Lauri Bishop, Eric Wade, Susanne Hempel, Carolee Winstein
The majority of studies reported about measurement properties of commercially available wearable sensors and smartphone applications. Although property measurements are important for clinical, home/community, and research use, we found that validity and accuracy were the most investigated properties, both for commercial and non-commercial devices. All studies were cross-sectional in design. Validity was not only one of the two most investigated measurement properties; it was also perceived as the most important property necessary for clinical or research purposes. From a practical standpoint, it makes sense that validity should be established before determining accuracy, or responsiveness. Sensor placement was found to interfere with accuracy of commercially available devices with non-paretic limb placement having better accuracy. Finally, responsiveness was rarely reported, revealing an obvious knowledge gap. Responsiveness is important in practice, as clinicians frequently use assessment tools to monitor changes over time or in response to an intervention [19].
Validation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets from 2001 to 2019 – a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Elin Karlsson, Johanna Gustafsson
Quality, in the form of validity, is important for all types of instruments that are intended to be used in both clinical settings and for research purposes. Therefore, when developing and evaluating an instrument, validation is one of the most fundamental issues [5]. There are several kinds of validity, including content, construct and criterion validity. The domain validity can be defined as “the degree to which an outcome measure measures the construct it purports to measure” [6]. Validation can also be described as “the process in which we gather and evaluate the evidence to support the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and usefulness of the decisions and inferences” [7, p.9]. An ICF core set is not an instrument, but it can serve as the foundation for developing instruments for clinical settings and research. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the core set measures and captures what it is supposed to, in other words, that the core set has satisfying validity. To ensure the different aspects of the validity, it is possible to evaluate one or several kinds of validity (e.g., content-construct and criterion validity) and other psychometric aspects, such as reliability and responsiveness [6].