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Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The signs and symptoms of panic attack may include sudden and intense fear or discomfort, accompanied by at least four of the following symptoms: ∎ Feelings of choking∎ Fear of dying, losing control∎ Numbness or tingling∎ Abdominal distress or nausea∎ Increased heart rate or palpitations∎ Chest discomfort or pain∎ Chills or flushing∎ Sweating∎ Faintness, dizziness∎ Shortness of breath∎ Shaking
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Limbic Encephalopathy in a Dysregulated Neuroimmune Network
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
The incidence of anxiety and panic disorder is increased in CFS patients, and agoraphobia while driving is encountered frequently. Patients are more prone to have panic attacks when they are relapsing. A condition of panic attacks without fear should be considered when assessing patient symptomatology.33,34 The jury is still out as to whether panic attacks are a form of temporolimbic epilepsy. They can be successfully treated with clonazepam (Klonopin) and valproic acid (Depakote) but not very well with carbamazepine (Tegre-tol). Many authorities implicate the locus ceruleus, the noradrenergic projection center for the brain, with extensive projections to the limbic system, as the generator of panic attacks.35 Some would even place the locus ceruleus in the limbic system. Others have found limbic PET scan abnormalities in panic disorder patients,36 although these findings have recently been attributed to spasm in the temporalis muscle secondary to bruxism.37
Caffeine and arousal: a biobehavioral theory of physiological, behavioral, and emotional effects
Published in B.S. Gupta, Uma Gupta, Caffeine and Behavior, 2020
Barry D. Smith, Kenneth Tola, Mark Mann
There is also an emerging body of research that implicates caffeine in the genesis of panic attacks,309,310 and the drug has long been used as a panicogenic agent to elicit anxious reactions for clinical purposes.307,308 One study recently showed that caffeine can cause the dysregulation of multiple neuronal systems that results in panic attacks.308 Moreover, this panic response to excessive amounts of caffeine was found to have a strong genetic component. Another investigation showed that caffeine can induce panic attacks in healthy controls as well as panic disordered patients.310 A patient in one case study had a panic attack when caffeine was infused during sleep.309
Is it possible to prevent relapse in panic disorder?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Rafael C. R. Freire, Antonio E. Nardi
Up to 33.7% of the population is affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime according to large population-based surveys. Panic disorder (PD) has a lifetime prevalence of 1.6% to 5.2%, while the lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia is 0.8% to 2.6% in these studies [1]. PD is associated with functional, occupational, and quality of life impairments. Its economic impact on society is also significant. PD has been associated with suicide attempts, greater use of health care services and decreased work productivity [2]. Many treatments are available for PD and agoraphobia, including pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based treatments, neurostimulation and physical exercise [2,3]. Despite all treatment options, only 64.5% of patients achieve remission in the first year of treatment, and 21.4% of PD patients have recurrences of panic attacks before completing one year of remission [4]. Typically, PD has a waxing and waning course. In the study from Andersch & Hetta [5], patients with PD were followed for 15 years after a clinical trial with imipramine and alprazolam. At the end of the follow-up phase, they found that 51% still presented with panic symptoms, 18% met the diagnostic criteria for PD and 20% had agoraphobia. Relapse after the end of a well-conducted treatment seems to be a common phenomenon regarding both pharmacological and psychological treatments.
A Narrative Literature Review of the Epidemiology, Etiology, and Treatment of Co-Occurring Panic Disorder and Opioid Use Disorder
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2021
Ashton E. Clark, Shelby R. Goodwin, Russell M. Marks, Annabelle M. Belcher, Emily Heinlein, Melanie E. Bennett, Daniel J. O. Roche
Studies were first identified between September 2019 and January 2020 using all EBSCO databases, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Reference lists for the database-acquired publications were then examined, and a repeated search was conducted to find additional studies between September 2020 and February 2021. Studies were considered if they were published in peer-reviewed journals by February 2021 and were written in English. Literature reviews, commentaries, and published guidelines were also considered. Search terms included combinations of “opioid use disorder,” “opioid addiction,” “opioid dependence,” with “anxiety disorder,” “panic disorder,” and/or “comorbidity.” Results were sorted by relevance and were reviewed using titles, abstracts, and indexing fields until results became generally repetitive or no longer relevant. Studies providing information relevant to the relationship between panic disorder and OUD on a broader scale were also included. Studies with data describing “repeated panic attacks” or “panic symptoms” were included. Additionally, relevant studies detailing “anxiety disorders” and “substance use disorders” were also included in the review. Table 1 provides a list of all publications cited in the manuscript, the section they are found in, and the type of publication (review, study, guideline, or commentary). There were 86 studies, 26 reviews, 2 commentaries, and 5 guidelines cited in this review.
Virtual treatment for veteran social anxiety disorder: A comparison of 360° video and 3D virtual reality
Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2020
Erica E. Nason, Mark Trahan, Scott Smith, Vangelis Metsis, Katherine Selber
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a persistent and intense fear lasting 6 months or more of one or more social situations during which a person is exposed to unfamiliar people or personal scrutiny from others resulting in intense anxiety about humiliation or embarrassment (American Psychological Association, 2013). This persistent fear often manifests in a variety of anxiety symptomology such as increased heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, trembling, difficulty with concentration, insomnia, dizziness, uncontrollable worry, and panic attacks (American Psychological Association, 2013). To decrease symptoms, individuals with anxiety often avoid situations that trigger discomfort, resulting in less frequent exposure to social situations (Hereen & McNally, 2018). Avoidance contributes to reduced social engagement and increased isolation, increased risk for social functioning problems, worsened mood, and increased anxiety (Knowles, Sripada, Defever, & Rauch, 2018). Veterans with PTSD and co-morbid SAD are at significant risk for suicidal ideation (McMillan, Asmundson, & Sareen, 2017).