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Midwifery Approach to Lifestyle Medicine for Reproductive Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Eating disorders include anorexia, bulimia, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and binge eating disorder (DSM, 2013). Orthorexia nervosa, first described in 1997 by Steven Bratman, is defined as an obsession with healthy eating where a person becomes hyper focused on quality of food (Cena et al., 2019). Though not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, this disorder has similar qualities to the included eating disorders, with most commonality with ARFID. Occurrence is difficult to measure due to the lack of validated psychometric screening tools. Estimates in the general population of orthorexic eating patterns range from 4.5 to 8% (Niedzielski & Kaźmierczak-Wojtaś, 2021).
Optimal Nutrition for Women
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kayli Anderson, Kaitlyn Pauly, Debra Shapiro, Vera Dubovoy
The three main types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Patients may also present with subclinical disorders such as orthorexia nervosa, a pathologic fixation with eating healthy, or disordered eating that does not fit all criteria for other categories.111 Clinicians should screen for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors and refer patients to eating disorder specialists when signs are present, as well as refrain from healthcare practices known to catalyze or exacerbate eating disorders, such as the promotion of dieting.
Pregnancy
Published in Kate B. Daigle, The Clinical Guide to Fertility, Motherhood, and Eating Disorders, 2019
Orthorexia nervosa is not officially included in the most updated diagnostic manual (DSM-5) but is emerging as one of the most common and mainstream forms of disordered eating. The term orthorexia comes from Greek words orthos (meaning “straight and proper”) and orexia (meaning “appetite”). It is classified as the drive for “biologically pure food,” meaning food that is free of toxins, dyes, chemicals, and so forth. People who begin this form of eating may initially do so in order to fight off disease, lose weight, or improve his/her health. However, this method of eating may become obsessive and ritualized, just as other eating disorders, and can lead to social isolation and negative affect, and the regimen of following the diet can become the most important thing in their lives.7
Gender differences in eating disorder-related intrusive thoughts
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
With regard to distress associated with EDITs, it appears that both males and females experience intrusive thoughts related to exercise as the most distressing. This finding was inconsistent with our hypothesis and may reflect the emergence of body ideals beyond the thin-ideal. For males, there is increasing research to support the growing internalisation of the lean and muscular ideal (Murray et al., 2016). For females, research has begun to explore the emergence of the athletic ideal, which also places emphasis on leanness and muscularity (Bozsik et al., 2018; Homan, 2010). An extreme manifestation of this can be seen in conditions such as orthorexia nervosa, which is understood as an intense preoccupation with ‘clean’ eating, characterized by a restrictive diet, ritualised patterns of eating, and strict avoidance of foods believed to be unhealthy or ‘impure’ (Koven & Abry, 2015).
The behavioral, psychological, and social impacts of team sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2021
Scott L. Zuckerman, Alan R. Tang, Kelsey E. Richard, Candace J. Grisham, Andrew W. Kuhn, Christopher M. Bonfield, Aaron M. Yengo-Kahn
Other studies reported mixed findings or no significant positive effect of team sport participation on psychological health outcomes. While Guddal et al [42]. found that middle and high school girls had better self-esteem associated with team sport participation (middle school: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.32–0.64, high school: OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.84), the effect was insignificant in boys. A similar study from Valois and colleagues [43] showed that while not playing a team sport was associated with low emotional self-efficacy (ESE) in white males, black males, and black females, no such association was seen among white females (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.76–1.84). A study of collegiate athletes by Clifford and colleagues [44] noted no significant difference in orthorexia nervosa (restrictive eating due to obsessive behaviors) prevalence measured via the ORTO-15 questionnaire between 116 athletes and 99 non-athletes (36.6 vs. 37.2, respectively; p = 0.279). Hammond and colleagues [45] assessed 50 elite collegiate swimmers and found that depression rates doubled among the top 25% of athletes following competition suggesting performance failure was associated with depression in this group (r2 = 0.33, F1,10 = 4.81, p = 0.05). Yang and colleagues [46] reported similar rates of self-reported depression among 214 collegiate team sport athletes (22%) and 43 non-team sport athletes (19%). Finally, a study of 1037 high school students by Begg et al [47]. noted that both male team sports participants (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–2.9) and their female peers (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.3) were more likely to engage in delinquent behavior (shoplifting, auto theft, burglary, fighting with peers) than non-team sport participants.