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Acute paronychia
Published in Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Chander Grover, Eckart Haneke, Nail Therapies, 2021
The most common cause of acute paronychia is direct or indirect trauma to the cuticle or the nail fold. Such trauma may be relatively minor, resulting from ordinary events, such as dishwashing, injury from a splinter or thorn, onychophagia (nail biting), biting or picking at a hangnail, finger sucking, ingrown nail, manicure procedures (trimming or pushing back the cuticles), artificial nail application, or other nail manipulation. Such trauma enables bacterial inoculation of the nail and subsequent infection. The most common causative pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus, although Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas pyocyanea, and Proteus vulgaris can also cause paronychia. In patients with exposure to oral flora, other anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria may also be involved. Acute paronychia can also develop as a complication of an episode of chronic paronychia. Acute paronychia can also occur as a manifestation of other disorders affecting the digits, such as pemphigus vulgaris, lichen planus, psoriasis, acrodermatitis enteropathica, diabetes mellitus, drugs (acitretin, indinavir), or tumors (Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma).
Nail tic disorders
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Nail biting can be triggered by factors such as boredom, as a form of self-stimulation, anxiety/stress, anguish, or handling a difficult task. Others tend to have it as an automatic behavior while doing some other activity such as watching television, working on a computer, or learning/reading.6,9 It is usually less seen during a social interaction. The complete nature of onychophagia is unclear and varies between an anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder to an emotional and behavioral problem.9,12 Some patients get a sense of relief with the act of nail biting that further develops an urge for the behavior.9,13 Psychiatric disorders in parents also play a role as onychophagia was found to be more prevalent in children whose mothers had schizophrenia or major depressive disorder.14
Paronychia
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
This patient has a paronychia. These are infections of the dorsal fingertip that track around and deep into the nail bed. Common causes include nail biting, hangnails, and artificial nails. Patients present with swelling and fluctuance surrounding the nail bed. If significant swelling is noted to the pulp of the finger, felon should also be suspected, as paronychia can be a precursor to the development of felons (see Case 153).
Thumb sucking or nail biting in childhood and adolescence is associated with an increased risk of Crohn’s disease: results from a large case–control study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Niels Teich, Wolfgang Mohl, Christian Primas, Gottfried Novacek, Annika Gauss, Jens Walldorf, Gisela Felten, Raja Atreya, Wolfgang Kruis, Dominik Bettenworth, Artur Bartosz Roznowski, Jost Langhorst, Karen Schmidt, Tony Bruns, Andreas Stallmach
Although habitual nail biting is often considered to be harmless and disappears as age advances, infrequently it has been associated with a range of psychological [5,6] and dental issues (summary in [7]). Interestingly, even an immunologically driven disease such as granulomatous gastritis which is often associated with Crohn’s disease has been reported in an nail biting patient [8]. Several studies have shown that Enterobacteriaceae counts in the oral cavity were much higher in nail-biters compared to non-nail-biters [7,9–11]. Intestinal parasitic infestations and protozoa infections in stool samples, however, did not differ between nail biting and thumb-sucking school children [12]. In addition, it has been demonstrated that atypical pathogens residing in the oral cavity (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Helicobacter spp., Klebsiella spp.) may expand and colonize the colon [13,14].
Optimal diagnosis and management of common nail disorders
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Disruption of the protective nail barrier allows for invasion of pathogens and subsequent infections, which can occur following trauma. Nail biting, finger sucking, aggressive manicuring and hangnail manipulation are common causes of minor trauma to the fingernails [47]. In the toenails, acute paronychia is often due to ingrown nails [50]. Onset of symptoms typically occurs within a week from the initial trauma [51]. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen; however, most infections involve a mix of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria [52,53].
Body-focused repetitive behaviors in youth with mental health conditions: A preliminary study on their prevalence and clinical correlates
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2021
Valérie La Buissonnière-Ariza, Jeffrey Alvaro, Mark Cavitt, Brittany M. Rudy, Sandra L. Cepeda, Sophie C. Schneider, Elizabeth McIngvale, Wayne K. Goodman, Eric A. Storch
Overall, BFRBs were highly prevalent among the sample, with nearly 50% of the children and parents reporting significant child BFRBs, and nearly 40% of children and parents reporting elevated levels of child BFRBs. Nail biting was most commonly reported and presented the highest severity according to children, whereas skin picking appeared more prevalent according to parents.