China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Movement disorders
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Dopamine has a central role in the normal brain reward system. This mechanism can be affected by dopaminergic therapies and result in the development of impulse control disorders. Those affected develop an inability to resist performing a specific activity. Examples include compulsive gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating and obsessive shopping, which can have disastrous personal, social and financial consequences. People with a history of impulsive behaviours or drinking alcohol or smoking are at an increased risk.7 Impulse control disorders developed in around half of people with PD on DAs over a five-year period (mean age 62), compared to around 10% of people not exposed to DAs.56
Acute Catathymic Homicides
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
In the DSM-IV-TR (2000), an impulse-control disorder is described as a failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or others; … the individual feels an increasing sense of tension or arousal before committing the act and then experiences pleasure, gratification, or relief at the time of committing the act. (p. 663)
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
Impulse control disorders: Prevention, education, and screening for abnormal behaviors by physician and families are important. Behaviors usually resolve/improve with dopamine agonist dose reduction or discontinuing agonist treatment entirely, with increase in levodopa to counter any motor decline.
The pharmacological management of gambling disorder: if, when, and how
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Mauro Pettorruso, Francesco Di Carlo, Vincenzo Maria Romeo, Susana Jimenez-Murcia, Jon E Grant, Giovanni Martinotti, Massimo Di Giannantonio
As to clinical presentation, GD has been noted to be a highly heterogeneous disorder as to intensity and patterns of gambling behavior, psychiatric comorbidity, and demographical characteristics [17,18]. To address this heterogeneity, several classifications have been proposed. Of historical and clinical value is the pathway model of Blaszczynski and Nower; it also has the merit of integrating biological and personological elements, characterizing the subjects based on different pathogenetic paths [19]. Recently, a more treatment-oriented classification has been proposed, identifying three clinical subtypes: addictive, impulsive, and obsessive-compulsive subtypes [20]. The addictive subtype is the more prevalent group. Patients tend to repetitively gamble small amounts of money, are mainly males, and frequently endorse comorbid with SUDs, particularly AUD. The impulsive subtype includes mainly young men with increased severity of symptoms, a tendency to gamble large sums of money, and strong cravings. Comorbidity with impulse-control disorders is frequent. Finally, the obsessive-compulsive subtype is less prevalent and consists mainly of females with a later onset of GD, less severe symptoms and frequently reporting the onset of GD after a psychological trauma. These patients frequently endorse comorbid with depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Although considered clinically useful by many, the treatment-oriented classification has not been validated yet.
Revisiting the Role of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Problematic Sexual Behaviors
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2019
Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Marc N. Potenza, Mark D. Griffiths, Gábor Orosz, Zsolt Demetrovics
The findings of the present study showed that impulsivity was moderately and positively related to hypersexual behavior, while compulsivity was only weakly related, suggesting that impulsivity contributes more strongly to hypersexuality than compulsivity in both men and women. However, impulsivity and compulsivity related only weakly to problematic pornography use among both genders. From a statistical perspective, impulsivity and compulsivity both positively predicted problematic pornography use, but the effect sizes were small in both cases and the proportion of explained variance of problematic pornography use did not reach 15%, suggesting that more emphasis should be put on other factors (e.g., social and society related) in research and clinical interventions in the case of problematic pornography use. On the other hand, the finding that impulsivity related moderately to hypersexuality provides support both for the classification of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (as proposed for ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2017) as an impulse-control disorder or as a behavioral addiction. In considering the other disorders currently being proposed as impulse-control disorders (e.g., intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, and kleptomania) and the central elements of compulsive sexual behavior disorder and proposed disorders due to addictive behaviors (e.g., gambling and gaming disorders), the classification of compulsive sexual behavior disorder in the latter category appears better supported.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on self-criticism and feeling of shame in methamphetamine users
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Zahra Ghaleh Emamghaisi, Seyyed Hamid Atashpour
To understand the effects of various substances, the complexity of their psychopathological processes should be taken into account (Le Moal & Koob, 2007). For example, some studies have indicated that the physical and psychological consequences of addiction for the users are reduced cognitive insights and difficulty in emotional management (Belin, Belin‐Rauscent, Everitt, & Dalley, 2016). In addition, addiction is considered a disorder that proceeds from impulsivity to obsessive-compulsive disorder. The impulse control disorder is manifested by increased tension and arousal before an impulsive action, but when the action is in process, the individual feels pleasure and enjoyment, while he might later feel regret or guilty or blame himself (Le Moal & Koob, 2007).