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Does Personhood Begin at Conception?
Published in Christopher Kaczor, The Ethics of Abortion, 2023
Liao also lodges a powerful objection to the psychological account of personal identity, probably the chief rival of the view that human beings are rational animals. Liao notes that somone who suffers from Dissociative Identity Disorder with up to 16 different sets of memories and experiences, would constitute 16 different persons making use of or associated with one human organism. But then, to treat such a disorder—by destroying the various extra personalities—would be the same morally as killing 15 human persons (Liao 2006b, p. 342). However, in alleviating Multiple Personality Disorder, a doctor heals not kills. So, our personal identity is not merely a matter of memories, beliefs, and desires. The upshot of these discussions is that Tooley's fantasy transplant examples need not undermine the view that we are rational animals, but real-life examples do undermine the psychological continuity view of personal identity.
Deception and Psychosis
Published in Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier, Detecting Malingering and Deception, 2020
Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier
A standing question is whether certain diagnostic categories have comorbidity with malingering efforts. Lewis and Bard (1991) described the comorbid relationship of multiple personality disorder in a variety of forensic circumstances and cited similarities between multiple personality disorder symptoms and symptoms of anti-social personality disorders. Osran and Weinberger (1994) described the prevalent role of personality disorder in criminal responsibility defenses. The relationship of psychopathy and malingering continues as a questionable comorbidity with arguments pro and con (Kucharski, Duncan, Egan, & Falkenbach, 2006; Pierson, Rosenfeld, Green, & Belfi, 2011). Patients with established diagnoses of borderline personality disorder are known for being adept at selectively and dramatically presenting with psychotic symptomatology (Boone, 2011; Morgan & Zimmerman, 2014).
Neurotic disorders
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Multiple personality disorder (Dissociative Identity Disorder in ICD 10): There are usually two personalities or two patterns of behaviour. There are sudden alternations where the former personality is forgotten. There may rarely be more than two personalities. The patient may forget personal information and there are no organic explanations to the disorder.
The Relations between Narrative Identity and Personality Pathology among Clinical Adolescents: Findings from a Multi-Ethnic Asian Sample
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Amy Y. See, Theo A. Klimstra, Rebecca L. Shiner, Mythily Subramaniam, Say How Ong, Jaap J. A. Denissen
First, a motivational and affective narrative feature related to PD trait domains is agency. The narrative theme of agency pertains to the narrator’s sense of having autonomy in shaping his or her life. In highly agentic narratives, individuals shape their own lives, initiate changes on their own, and exert some control over the course of their experiences (Adler et al., 2017). Based on evidence from previous studies (Adler et al., 2012; See et al., 2020), agency is a strong candidate to correlate with PID-5 personality because it is one of the features of identity that is disrupted in personality pathology. Specifically, See et al. (2020) used a composite of PID-5 facets representing schizotypal personality (e.g., Perceptual Dysregulation) and found that higher levels on this composite were associated with lower levels of agency. One previous study has found that agency was negatively associated with neuroticism and positively with conscientiousness (McAdams et al., 2004). However, a recent study focusing on Big Five aspects (Chou et al., under review) only found that agency was negatively associated with neuroticism and positively with extraversion, and only with the industriousness facet of conscientiousness. Finally, Sajjadi et al. (2022) found negative associations between narrative agency and two PID-5 subscales belonging to the dimension of negative affectivity. Overall, multiple personality dimensions have been associated with agency in previous research—especially low neuroticism and aspects of conscientiousness.
Reversal of Amnesia for Trauma in a Sample of Psychiatric Inpatients with Dissociative Identity Disorder and Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
Colin A. Ross, Jane Ridgway, Quinton Neighbors, Taylor Myron
A number of authors have stated that reversal of amnesia for childhood trauma, particularly sexual abuse, occurs rarely and that dissociative identity disorder (DID) is not a valid disorder (McHugh, 1995; Merskey, 1994; Merksey, 1995; Otgaar et al., 2019; Piper, 1990; Sarbin, 1995; Simpson etal., 1995; Shaw, 2017, 2020; Spanos, 1994). The two issues, the validity of DID, and the validity of recovered memories of childhood trauma, are often intertwined by critics of DID (Merksey, 1995; Merskey, 1994). Three studies have provided corroboration of the reported trauma histories in DID (Coons, 1994; Coons & Milstein, 1986; Lewis et al., 1997) but no research in this regard has been published in the last 25 years. Nor has any research on the circumstances and triggers for reversal of amnesia for childhood trauma in persons meeting criteria for DID or other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD) been published in the last 23 years (Chu et al., 1999; Kluft, 1995). In order to provide more recent data on the triggers and circumstances for reversal of amnesia in individuals meeting criteria for DID and OSDD, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of highly dissociative psychiatric inpatients. Multiple personality disorder was renamed dissociative identity disorder (DID) in DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994); the term, DID, will be used in this paper.
Dissociative Trance Disorder Among Adolescents
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Individuals with DTD experience a loss of normal integrative functions of the mind, memory, affect, identity, and consciousness which appears in the form of a trance, amnesia, and multiple personality disorder (Bhavsar et al., 2016). This disorder causes a loss of normal integration between the awareness of identity, memories, immediate sensations, and body movement control (Khattri et al., 2019). Further, DTD is often associated with alien spirits who take over the body and make decisions of which the affected person is unaware (Pietkiewicz et al., 2021). Spirit possession is based on a belief that spiritual entities (ghosts of ancestors, deities, or evil spirits) can influence human behavior by taking control of the body, speech, or mind of the person (Pietkiewicz et al., 2021). The behavioral manifestations are accompanied by changes in physical health, enhanced powers, alterations in the state of consciousness, and alterations in identity and behavior by a spiritual force or another individual (De Oliveira Maraldi et al., 2021). Alterations in behavior can be exhibited by talking in a different voice, making animal sounds, feeling paralyzed, shaking, amnesia, fugues, and senses and actions controlled by strange entities (Van Duijl et al., 2013). Traditions, beliefs, and culture strongly influence the societal perspective of this phenomenon.