China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Case-Based Differential Diagnostic Mental Health Evaluation for Adults
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
The DSM-5 classifies bipolar disorders' diagnostic criteria presenting for manic and hypomanic episodes first, followed by criteria for bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. The following description of the diagnostic criteria of both bipolar disorders does not present a major depressive episode, as that is described in the previous section.
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
The prevalence rate of depression is 2% in children (5 to 8% in adolescents). Two different types of depression are generally distinguished: major depressive episode and dysthymic disorder. A major depressive episode is defined by the presence of specific signs of depression (depressed mood, loss of pleasure, sleep disorders, change in appetite, etc.) over a period of at least two weeks. A dysthymic disorder is a chronic mood disorder, characterised by mild to moderate symptoms of depression. A double depression is characterised by the joint presence of both disorders. Findings from the pharmacotherapy of depression in children are far from complete and concern almost exclusively major depressive episodes [12,13].
Conclusion of Acute Treatment
Published in Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin, Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents, 2020
Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin
Bill, aged 15, has an avoidant dismissive attachment. His Problem Area is Interpersonal Disputes. For Bill, increased stress was accompanied by increased conflict with others. Stress progressed into a major depressive episode.
The Ongoing Mental Health Plight of Depressed College Students: Clinical Recommendations and the Importance of Early Screening and Detection
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Evan Schmiedehaus, Ethan Snyder, Jessica Perrotte, Rebecca Deason, Krista Howard, Millie Cordaro
As with traumatic stressor events, heightened concerns about the risk of viral infection and uncertainties about transmission quickly eroded mental health, leading to elevated symptoms of depression (Charles et al., 2021; Taylor, 2019). Major depressive episodes often manifest with symptoms of sadness, hopelessness, irritability, anhedonia (i.e. loss of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities) and lethargy (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These feelings can be accompanied by a sense of low self-worth and self-esteem, substance abuse, and appetite or sleep disturbances (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Lopez Molina et al., 2014). In fact, recent findings showed that a provisional diagnosis of MDD increased during the pandemic when compared to pre-pandemic averages, which were frequently accompanied with symptoms of sleep loss, worry over pandemic related uncertainties, and the onset of other maladaptive coping mechanisms including increased substance use (Uwadiale et al., 2022). Prior to the pandemic, MDD was estimated in the college student population, at a rate of 10.4% and ranged between 8 and 16% for lifetime prevalence (Hasin et al., 2018; Soria & Horgos, 2021). According to the Healthy Minds Study (HMS), findings indicated a high prevalence rate of MDD (39%) on university campuses. Generally, college students with depressive symptomology are experiencing significant deficits in functioning across all major life domains (e.g. academics, family and peer relationships, and work obligations).
Associations between neuroticism, subjective sleep quality, and depressive symptoms across the first year of college
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Caroline Catherman, Samantha Cassidy, Chelsie E. Benca-Bachman, Jessica M. Barber, Rohan H. C. Palmer
Before a student meets the clinical threshold for a major depression diagnosis, they may first experience symptoms of depression or mood disturbances that do not meet the clinical threshold.6 Once depressive symptoms progress to a point where someone reaches the threshold for a major depressive episode, they may struggle on and off with the highly recurrent disorder for their entire life.7 However, studies suggest that interventions can help them avoid reaching that point.8 Devising plans for mood interventions for people who have depression symptoms, but do not yet have clinical depression, is thus increasingly important. Identifying risk factors for depression symptoms, before they become severe, is crucial because it can potentially inform effective interventions.
Positive factors related to graduate student mental health
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Susan T. Charles, Melissa M. Karnaze, Frances M. Leslie
Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R27). The CESD-R asks participants to rate the extent to which they experienced each of 20 symptoms in the past several weeks on a scale ranging from 1 (Not at all or less than one day in the last week) to 5 (Nearly every day for 2 weeks). Symptoms were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition) criteria for a major depressive episode, including feelings of sadness and guilt, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, poor sleep and appetite, and suicidal ideation. To ensure that scores were consistent with the previously validated and reliable CES-D cutoffs,31 the CESD-R scale from 1-5 was recoded to a 0-3 scale, with the two highest scores both recoded to 3, as recommended.27 Only people who responded to all questions were included. A total score of 16 or greater is the cutoff score indicative of, or being at risk for, clinical depression.31 The cutoff value for a severe depressive episode is ≥ 28. Summed scores ranged from 0 to 60 (M = 14.30, SD = 12.11; α = .95).