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Health Promotion
Published in Rupa S. Valdez, Richard J. Holden, The Patient Factor, 2021
Although the continuum models (HBM, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and Protection Motivation Theory) each showed slightly different advantages to explain and predict different kinds of health promotion behaviors, they generally showed better success in explaining and predicting the formation of behavioral intentions and the adoption of certain health behaviors than stage models (such as vaccination uptake, medical tests, or exam use). However, the effectiveness of these models to predict long-term behavior change and habit formation has been mixed (such as in the cases of PA, diet change, treatment adherence). In contrast, the stage models (Transtheoretical Model and Health Action Process Approach) showed better success in addressing the intention–behavior gap, maintaining the behavior change, and supporting the formation of new habits. Despite different strengths, however, these two types of models are not exclusive. Stage models have adopted factors proposed in continuum models to explain and predict behavioral change processes (e.g. self-efficacy in Social Cognitive Theory, perceived severity and vulnerability of the threat in HBM and Protection Motivation Theory as risk perceptions, and subjective norm in Theory of Planned Behavior). Hence, depending on the kinds of health promotion behaviors and the goals of the patients (whether increasing motivations or adopting a new behavior), a combination of health promotion models may be useful in informing the design of sociotechnical solutions to promote preventive health behaviors.
The Intention–Behavior Gap
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Mark D. Faries, Wesley C. Dudgeon
The health action process approach (HAPA; Figure 20.1) model is a behavior change framework that allows for additional explanatory variables beyond the TPB. More specifically, it is a model “that explicitly includes post-intentional mediators to overcome the intention–behavior gap.”24 The motivation phase includes factors that lead up to intention, while the volition phase describes the variables helping connect intention to behavior. A generic model example is shown in Figure 20.1.
Theoretical implications and applications for understanding and changing concussion-related behaviors
Published in Gordon A. Bloom, Jeffrey G. Caron, Psychological Aspects of Sport-Related Concussions, 2019
Emilie Michalovic, Jeffrey G. Caron, Shane N. Sweet
The health action process approach (HAPA) model is comprised of two main phases: motivational and volitional (Schwarzer, 2008). In the motivational phase, outcome expectations, action self-efficacy, and risk perception are predictors of intentions. In the volitional phase, action planning, coping planning, maintenance self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy are determinants of behavior. One benefit of HAPA is that it was designed to overcome the intention-behavior gap (Schwarzer, 2008). Specifically, action and coping planning are hypothesized to help individuals translate their intentions to perform a behavior into actually performing a behavior. Action planning is the process of creating a specific plan that details when a person will perform a certain behavior, where they will perform the behavior, what they will do, and for how long. Coping planning involves creating specific plans to overcome foreseeable barriers to performing the behavior (see the examples in Figure 6.1).
Combining implementation intentions and monetary incentives to reduce alcohol use: a failed generalization to a public bar context
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Yang Liu, Wery P.M. van den Wildenberg, K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Reinout W. Wiers
According to the health action process approach, there are two stages involved in health behavior change, namely the motivational phase to form an intention and the volitional phase to plan and take actions (Sutton, 2005). Accordingly, developing an alcohol restraint intention is a prerequisite to implementing it. Considering the highly attractive nature of a bar environment, one must preplan to form a self-involved restraint goal. We adopted the strategy developed by Muraven et al. (2002), in which participants were informed that better performance on a driving simulator would later gain them a reward. Two changes were made: 1) the driving simulator was changed into a computer driving game for feasibility in a bar; 2) the driving game was performed twice instead of acting as an upcoming challenge. The principle is that only by limiting alcohol use, a reward can be secured.
Development and pilot-testing of a behavioural intervention to enhance physical activity in patients admitted to the cardiology ward: a proof-of-concept study
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2023
Kathrin Scholz, Roel van Oorsouw, Sander Hermsen, Thomas J. Hoogeboom
Research shows that the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a theoretical framework for behaviour change applicable to the stimulation of physical activity [12]. HAPA proposes ‘pre-intentional motivation processes’, in which perceived risks and expectations about the outcomes of physical activity predict people’s behavioural intentions. It also highlights the importance of self-efficacy: the extent to which an individual has confidence in his or her ability to execute a desired behaviour, even when there are obstacles (such as pain or fatigue) [13]. Indeed, self-efficacy contributed to reducing emotional distress in cardiac rehabilitation patients after heart failure, which predicted long-term physical exercises [12,14]. Finally, HAPA stresses the importance of ‘post-intentional volition processes’, in which sophisticated action planning (creating implementation intentions specifying when and where a specific behaviour will be executed) translates a behavioural intention into actual behaviour [12]. Individuals who create such plans are much more likely to act on their intentions than those who do not [15,16]. What is important here is that letting patients decide on their own implementation intentions prevents psychological reactance and so leads to higher intrinsic motivation and persistent behaviour change [17]. See Figure 1 for the complete model adopted from Schwarzer et al. [18].
“It’s important to buy in to the new lifestyle”: barriers and facilitators of exercise adherence in a population with persistent musculoskeletal pain
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Laura B. Meade, Lindsay M. Bearne, Emma L. Godfrey
The two phases of the Health Action Process Approach (motivational phase and volitional phase) can be used to assess causality in behavior change. It is suggested that the phase conceptualization of the model provides a better way to predict behavior [29]. However, it is proposed that the explicit stage model of the Health Action Process Approach is best utilized to inform intervention design by further identifying individuals who reside in the two phases as pre-intenders, intenders and actors (Figure 1). The intervention then targets treatment efforts based on the stage that the individual resides in. The patient participants and physiotherapists in the current study recognized the importance of tailoring exercise to facilitate exercise adherence. The Health Action Process Approach thus enables the targeting of stage-specific constructs to direct efforts appropriately to support individuals to adhere to exercise (behavioral maintenance). Therefore, the Health Action Process Approach would support the tailoring of an intervention to the individual by targeting the appropriate constructs to support their exercise adherence.