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Exploring Indigenous Spanish Personality Constructs with a Combined Emic-Etic Approach
Published in J.-C. Lasry, J. Adair, K. Dion, Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
Researchers from many countries have relied on the natural language when developing taxonomies of personality (see Katigbak, Church, & Akamine, 1996, for a review). Numerous English-language lexical studies (see McCrae & John, 1992, for a review) have replicated a five-factor structure, the so-called ‘Big Five’ model of personality (Goldberg, 1981), which is said to encompass most of the covariation among personality-descriptors used in personality ratings. Common labels for these five dimensions are: I. Extraversion, II. Agreeableness, III. Conscientiousness, IV. Neuroticism or Emotional Stability, and V. Openness to Experience or Intellect. The replicability and ubiquity of the Big Five, also known as the Five Factor Model (McCrae & Costa, 1987), have led many personality psychologists to adopt this model as the basic paradigm for the description and assessment of personality (McCrae & John, 1992).
Individual and Group Psychotherapy of Functional GI Disorders
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Kevin W. Olden, Thomas N. Wise, Richard L. Goldberg
The clinician should be especially attuned to the dimensions of neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience. Neuroticism as a general tendency toward emotional distress and instability has been elucidated by both the five-factor model of personality and Eysenck’s approach to such trait taxonomy (35). Neurotic patients also tend to focus on somatic complaints. Openness to experience is an important construct that can determine whether a patient with functional bowel complaints is capable of making cognitive readjustments about the etiology of the disorder. Personality traits can be determined by administering a brief form of the five-factor inventory and discussing the results with the patient. Miller (36) has recently described utilization of this inventory in clinical work.
The Narcissistic Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
In general, diagnostic techniques can be used as instruments to describe the needs of the client; this is followed by case conceptualization, which focuses on understanding the needs of the client (Sperry, 2005). An effective case conceptualization should link the client’s issue to an appropriate treatment plan and outline the methods for tailoring the treatment plan specifically to the needs of the client. Research suggests that the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality can assist with conceptualizing NPD, because of the strong positive correlation between NPD and the FFM concept of extraversion and a strong negative correlation between NPD and agreeableness (Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010). Essentially, case conceptualization can help to integrate research and theory into clinical practice (Sperry, 2005).
Measuring the Dark Core of Personality in German: Psychometric Properties, Measurement Invariance, Predictive Validity, and Self-Other Agreement
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Martina Bader, Luisa K. Horsten, Benjamin E. Hilbig, Ingo Zettler, Morten Moshagen
A substantial, though imperfect, degree of agreement was found between self- and other-ratings. The level of agreement was generally similar to the levels found for evaluative traits of limited observability (see Thielmann et al., 2017) including specific aversive traits (e.g., Jones & Paulhus, 2014) and basic personality traits most strongly related to aversive behavior (such as Agreeableness of the Five-Factor model, Connolly et al., 2007; and Honesty-Humility of the HEXACO model, Moshagen et al., 2019). Such an imperfect self-observer agreement may be explained by the different components feeding into trait judgments by oneself and others, that is, unique self-perceptions (identity) and unique impressions of others (reputation), respectively (McAbee & Connelly, 2016). Indeed, it is plausible that certain aspects of D are rather low in visibility to others (e.g., the specific justifying beliefs an individual holds or well-hidden manipulative skills; Lämmle et al., 2021), whereas other aspects of D may convey particular impressions on others that are less accessible to the self (e.g., being perceived as an unfair person; Thielmann et al., 2017).
The moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Joanna Gorgol, Wojciech Waleriańczyk, Maciej Stolarski
One of the most widely used personality conceptualizations is the Five-Factor Model (also referred to as the Big Five) (Costa and McCrae 1992), which assumes the existence of five main personality dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. The associations between the Big Five personality traits and diurnal preference have been well-established. Extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are consistently positively associated with morningness, whereas neuroticism and openness to experience are related to greater eveningness preference (Randler et al. 2017). In addition, conscientiousness is the trait in which E-types and M-types show the highest discrepancy (Tonetti et al. 2009). Personality traits are also associated with depression: neuroticism shows a positive association, while extraversion and conscientiousness typically manifest inverse relationships (Klein et al. 2011).
Perceived importance of affective forecasting in cancer treatment decision making
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2020
Laura M. Perry, Michael Hoerger, Brittany D. Korotkin, Paul R. Duberstein
There may also be circumstances when personality factors, such as being lower in neuroticism, impact affective forecasting. The Five Factor Model28 summarizes personality into five comprehensive domains: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. These traits can help explain variability in the perceived importance of affective forecasting. For example, neuroticism is a trait characterized by anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness, and those higher in neuroticism often engage in emotional avoidance during stressful situations.29,30 Therefore, we hypothesized that individuals lower in neuroticism (i.e., emotionally stable),28 would be more comfortable discussing emotions, and thus perceive affective forecasting as more important for the decision-making process.