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Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
I once had a client who had a particular fear of flying and suffered back spasms prior to every flight. Why did he have pain only prior to flying? Was it the stress he experienced? Was pain just a habituated pattern of behavior? There was certainly no underlying injury that was causing the pain that miraculously healed after the flight. It was clear that his symptoms were neurological and psychological, not physiological.
Stillbirth and midwives’ decision-making
Published in Elaine Jefford, Julie Jomeen, Empowering Decision-Making in Midwifery, 2019
Those who travel on planes frequently would automatically be able to ‘assume the brace position applicable to your seat’ without being told what to do. A first-time flyer would learn the same very quickly because it is part of routine safety information prior to any flight anywhere in the world. Yet in 2010 Crangle estimated that fear of flying or aviophobia resulted in as many as 500 million people worldwide avoiding flying altogether and an even greater number enduring flying with some degree of fear. There is no doubt that providing all passengers with the safety demonstration may trigger anxiety in a few and yet all airlines across the globe routinely provide this demonstration as part of their duty of care to the safety of the flying public, and even though we travel often, we are yet to see a person run screaming from the plane! This example provides an analogy for providing routine information to women about how to keep safe in pregnancy as an important part of midwives duty of care. This involves empowering the woman to trust her intuition (Warland, Heazell et al., 2018) monitor strength, frequency and pattern of her baby’s movements (Heazell et al., 2017) and settling to sleep on her side from 28 weeks (Warland, Dorrian, Morrison, & O’Brien, 2018) (see Figure 17.1).
Baseball
Published in Ira Glick, Danielle Kamis, Todd Stull, The ISSP Manual of Sports Psychiatry, 2018
David McDuff, Don Thompson, Michelle Garvin
The most commonly specific phobia is fear of re-injury upon returning to play after a severe injury, especially those requiring surgery and prolonged rehabilitation (e.g., ulnar collateral ligament or rotator-cuff repairs). This phobia is frequently accompanied by overthinking and self-doubt and symptoms include intense anticipatory worry about re-injury and autonomic activation including increased heart rate, sweating, tremor, hyper-alertness, inability to sleep, or hesitancy to play at full speed or with full contact (McDuff, 2016). Anxiety is usually triggered just prior to competition or practice and can increase with the perceived importance of performance. Fear of flying is also common given the extensive travel and likelihood of exposure to turbulent weather or aborted takeoffs or emergency landings. Following one of these events and usually accompanied by high stress levels for other reasons, flying produces arousal and constant worry with an inability to relax or sleep even on long flights.
Future projection therapy: Techniques and case examples
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2022
Joseph Tramontana, Anna Sharkey, Savannah Hays
The authors explain that with very specific anxiety such as exam taking, fear of flying, a job interview, public speaking, or sports performance, the therapist will suggest the desired outcome. For more generalized anxiety, the Future Projection Approach is usually not presented in the first session or two because the therapist focuses on relieving the patient’s immediate anxiety (or other presenting problems). In the first hypnotic session, much of the time is focused on getting the patient relaxed. In fact, the patient is told, “We’re not even going to deal with your presenting problem today. Instead, we are going to focus on hypnotic relaxation.” Near the end of their first hypnotic session, the “log jam metaphor” is utilized as a hypnoanalytical approach to see if the client comes up with an idea about what is blocking them from “flowing smoothly.” Often times, what they see written or engraved into the log is a clue that can be addressed in future sessions.
Exploring the effectiveness of immersive Virtual Reality interventions in the management of musculoskeletal pain: a state-of-the-art review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2021
Niamh Brady, Joseph G. McVeigh, Karen McCreesh, Ebonie Rio, Thomas Dekkers, Jeremy S. Lewis
Maples-Keller et al. [3] reported that the greatest strength of evidence for VR in mental healthcare is Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRE). VRE is used for treating anxiety disorders and phobias by placing individuals in a VR world and exposing them to stressful environments e.g. fear of flying, heights or spiders. Rothbaum et al. [15–17], demonstrated symptom reduction and behavioral change in those with fear of flying with VR exposure that is equivalent to in-vivo exposure groups and significantly greater than control groups. An RCT comparing VRE to in-vivo standard exposure (SE) and waiting list (WL) controls (n = 75) found that reduction in scores on the Fear of Flying Inventory (FFI) were significantly greater for both exposure groups compared to controls (VRE = 16.69, SE = 16.45, WL = −14.46, p = 0.009). VR exposure therapy appears to be a safe, cost-effective, more practical intervention and was preferred by patients compared to in vivo exposure therapy [3].
Clinical Results Using Virtual Reality
Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2019
Albert Rizzo, Sebastian Thomas Koenig, Thomas B. Talbot
Rothbaum, Hodges, Smith, Lee, and Price (2000) then compared VRET to both an in vivo PE therapy condition and to a wait list (WL) control in the treatment of the fear of flying. Treatment consisted of eight individual therapy sessions conducted over 6 weeks, with four sessions of anxiety management training followed either by exposure to a virtual airplane (VRET) or exposure to an actual airplane at the airport (PE). For participants in the VRE group, exposure in the virtual airplane included sitting in the virtual airplane, taxi, take off, landing, and flying in both calm and turbulent weather according to a treatment manual (Rothbaum et al., 1999). For PE sessions, in vivo exposure was conducted at the airport during Sessions 5–8. Immediately following the treatment or WL period, all patients were asked to participate in a behavioral avoidance test consisting of a commercial round-trip flight. The results indicated that each active treatment was superior to WL and that there were no differences between VRET and in vivo PE. For WL participants, there were no differences between preself-report and postself-report measures of anxiety and avoidance, and only one of the 15 wait-list participants completed the graduation flight. In contrast, participants receiving VRET or in vivo PE showed substantial improvement, as measured by self-report questionnaires, willingness to participate in the graduation flight, self-report levels of anxiety on the flight, and self-ratings of improvement. There were no differences between the two treatments on any measures of improvement. Comparison of posttreatment to the 6-month follow-up data for the primary outcome measures for the two treatment groups indicated no significant differences, indicating that treated participants maintained their treatment gains. By the 6-month follow-up, 93% of treated participants had flown since completing treatment.