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Face Expertise and Category Specialization in the Human Occipitotemporal Cortex
Published in Jon H. Kaas, Christine E. Collins, The Primate Visual System, 2003
FIGURE 12.5 Summary of many expertise effects, replicating putative face-specific effects, obtained with Greeble stimuli. (A) Gauthier and Tarr88 found that when identifying a single part of a Greeble, novices can ignore changes in the configuration of the top parts, whereas Greeble experts cannot. (B) Gauthier et al.79 found that Greeble experts, but not novices, are disrupted by brightness inversion. (C) Gauthier and Tarr9 found that Greeble novices can make a judgment about half of a Greeble while ignoring the other half, whereas Greeble expertise leads to an increase in the effect of the identity and the configuration of the to-be-ignored distractor part. (D) Gauthier et al.41 found that prosopagnosic patients, compared to controls, can be dramatically sensitive to a manipulation of visual similarity with Greebles. (E) Gauthier et al.82 found a face inversion effect in the FFA, which could be replicated with Greebles only after expertise training. Each brain image shows an average of five subjects before (top) and after (bottom) training, with brain areas showing more activity for upright than for inverted images in white to pale gray, and those showing more activity for inverted than for upright images in dark gray to black, for faces (left) and Greebles (right). (F) Rossion et al.67 found that the effect of stimulus inversion on the N170 ERP component (with faces, an increase in amplitude and delay of 10 ms for inverted relative to upright images) can be obtained with Greebles but only after expertise training. (G) Gauthier and Tarr9 found a relationship between an increase in the composite effect (as measured with stimuli shown in C) and the response to Greebles in the right FFA during the acquisition of expertise. Numbers represent the five subjects tested; each was tested five times.
Low Spatial Frequency Sensitivity and Emotional Face Processing in Adolescents: An Event-related Potential Study
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2020
Jillian Grose-Fifer, Max Lobel, Danielle diFilipo, James Gordon
To our knowledge, Peters and colleagues carried out the only published study reporting on the effects of spatial frequency filtering on the neural correlates of neutral face inversion in adolescents. However, others have demonstrated that the P100 is also sensitive to inversion of unfiltered faces in both adults (Colombatto & McCarthy, 2017; Itier & Taylor, 2002, 2004a, 2004b; Jacques et al., 2007) and children (Miki et al., 2015; Peters et al., 2013; Taylor et al., 2004). Nevertheless, there is some debate as to what the P100 face inversion effect actually represents. Unlike the N170, we found no P100 amplitude inversion effects for LSF images in our study. Furthermore, inversion decreased the latency for faces rather than increasing it, which contributes to the doubt expressed by others as to whether the P100 reflects configural processing. Some have voiced the opinion that the P100, which is thought to have neural generators in the lingual gyrus (Brodmann’s area 18) in adolescents (Wong et al., 2009) and in the inferior lateral occipital cortex in adults (Pitcher et al., 2011; Sadeh et al., 2010), reflects non-configural low-level visual processes, which simply help to identify whether or not a stimulus is a face (Itier & Taylor, 2002; Rossion & Caharel, 2011; Rossion & Jacques, 2013).