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Post-traumatic stress disorder
Published in Alison Brodrick, Emma Williamson, Listening to Women After Childbirth, 2020
Alison Brodrick, Emma Williamson
This model is similar to that proposed by Ayers et al (2016), who used the results of a meta-analysis to develop a model of the aetiology of PTSD following childbirth as being the result of the interplay between pre-birth, perinatal and postnatal factors that contribute to presenting difficulties. They build upon the concept of a ‘diathesis-stress’ model, which proposes that psychological distress is caused by the interaction between predisposing vulnerability factors and the stress caused by specific life experiences. It is the interplay between these different factors which is crucial. For example, trauma history has been found to interact with interventions during the delivery to increase the risk of PTSD, and support during the birth can mediate these pathways (Ford & Ayers, 2011).
Candidate Genes, Gene × Environment Interactions, and Epigenetics
Published in Gail S. Anderson, Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior, 2019
The diathesis stress model assumes that a genotype (involving many polymorphisms or different risk alleles) confers risk and will lead to an extremely adverse outcome if the individual is exposed to a negative environment. However, in a good environment the outcome will not be as negative or may not occur at all.36 This model stresses the adverse environment and its effects on a risky genotype that is vulnerable to environmental triggers, resulting in antisocial behavior.32 This model, therefore, states that the fundamental causes of antisocial behavior are environmental triggers.37
Probiotics and Depression
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
Depression is a multifactorial condition brought about by biological, psychological, and social factors (Naseribafrouei et al., 2014). The diathesis stress model proposes that depression is caused when stressful life events impose on a pre-existing vulnerable condition (Uher and McGuffin, 2010). The handbook of mental disorders, the DSM- 5 (APA, 2013), defines depression under the section entitled Depressive Disorders. Depressive disorders include disruptive mood regulation disorder, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, substance/ medication-induced depressive disorder, and unspecified depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder represents the classic condition; it is characterized by discrete episodes of at least 2 weeks’ duration, although it is acknowledged that in most cases this period is appreciably longer, in which significant changes in affect, cognition, and neurovegetative function and inter-episode remissions are measurably altered (APA, 2013). The shared component of all depressive disorders is the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, and the significant loss of the individuals’ competency to function. Defining features of all depressive disorders is the duration, timing and etiology (APA, 2013).
Risks and resources for college students’ mental health: ACEs, attachment, and mindfulness
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Holly Hatton-Bowers, Caitlin McPherran Lombardi, Blakelee Kemp, Kalli B. Decker, Elita Amini Virmani, Holly E. Brophy-Herb, Claire D. Vallotton
Across disciplines, several conceptual frameworks and theories point to the importance of examining both risks and resources in illustrating how physical and mental health symptoms develop across the life course (e.g., the elaborated cognitive vulnerability transactional stress model,9 cumulative inequality theory,10 diathesis-stress model,11 dynamic systems theory12). Accompanying these frameworks is a well-established literature that provides convincing empirical evidence that adverse events and experiences during childhood increase the risk of poor mental health.13,14 Stressors experienced during childhood may be a particularly salient risk given that exposure occurs during a period of crucial biological, psychological, and social development. However, the extent to which these earlier risks adversely influence later mental health may depend on a person’s psychological and relational resources.
The Moderation Role of Neuroticism for Anxiety among Burdened Dementia Caregivers: A Study on Care Giver-Recipient Dyads
Published in Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 2022
Xiaozhao Yousef Yang, Patricia Morton, Fangying Yang, Boye Fang
The diathesis-stress model of mental health posits that the effects of stress on mental health are contingent on a diathesis, i.e. a preexisting vulnerability, that may consist of phenotypic types and at-risk psychological traits such as a high level of neuroticism (Belsky & Pluess, 2009; Monroe & Simons, 1991). The diathesis predisposes an individual to a mental health disorder and a stressor can activate that predisposition. Individuals with the vulnerable diathesis may display good functioning in the absence of environmental stressors but their mental health condition deteriorates when significant stress is present. In this sense, the relationship between the diathesis and stress is interactive, meaning that the diathesis can produce qualitatively heterogeneous susceptibility for stressors – that is, differential susceptibility (Belsky & Pluess, 2009). The Orchid-Dandelion Hypothesis argues that for individuals with a susceptible diathesis, the presence of stressors may be more detrimental to their mental health, but they enjoy better wellbeing when stressors are absent (Mitchell et al., 2015). Adapting the diagram drawn by Rioux et al. (2016), the diathesis-stress model expects a linear and interactive relationship between the diathesis, presented as neuroticism for the present study, and the stressor as shown in Figure 1.
Suicide Postvention for the United States Military: Literature Review, Conceptual Model, and Recommendations
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2019
Kyna Pak, Kelly E. Ferreira, Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway
The diathesis-stress model is a well-established biopsychosocial theoretical framework that provides an explanation for the process by which a predisposed vulnerability (diathesis) interacts with a stressor, leading to the expression of a particular disease or condition. The terminology and model have originated from the literature on schizophrenia (Bleuler, 1963; Rosenthal, 1963), but have also been applied to the understanding of suicide risk (Rubinstein, 1986; Visser, Krosnick, & Lavrakas, 2000). Diatheses may be biological and environmental. Stressors can be interpersonal (i.e., social isolation) and situational (i.e., combat). In this model, diathesis and stress have an inverse and dynamic interaction, such that for individuals who carry higher levels of predisposition, lower levels of stress may be sufficient to initiate the expression of a problematic condition (Visser et al., 2000). Applied to suicide bereavement, exposure to suicide as a stressor, particularly for those with a diathesis for depression and/or anxiety, for instance, may increase risk on a number of mental health- and functional-related outcomes—including suicide.