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Therapeutic Interviewing and Mental Health Evaluation of Adults
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
Psychiatric terminology is commonly used to describe signs and symptoms of mental disorders. Signs of these disorders are usually objective observations of the client by the clinician, while symptoms are clients' subjective experiences. In the mental health field, signs and symptoms often overlap; therefore, mental disorders are described as syndromes—a constellation of signs and symptoms that together make up a recognizable condition (Sadock & Sadock, 2010). In the case scenario presented earlier, the client complains of symptoms of sadness, sleep disturbance, poor appetite, loneliness, and feeling down (depressed). The clinician observes signs of depressive disorder manifested by tearfulness, insomnia, weight loss, social isolation, and depressed mood. The clinician also observes and evaluates the client's mood, affect, speech, thought process and content, and sensory disturbance, and then documents the evaluation using appropriate terminology.
Psychological Medicine
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Harrison Howarth, Jim Bolton, Gary Bell
Depressive disorder covers a heterogeneous range of disorders with different causes. For some, there is an inherited vulnerability. Depressed mood is accompanied by neurochemical changes, including serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. Predisposing factors include separations from caregivers in childhood and parental violence. In at least 70% of cases there is an identifiable stressful trigger to an episode of depressive disorder.
Mood Disorders
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Madeleine A. Becker, Tal E. Weinberger, Leigh J. Ocker
Symptoms of peripartum depression are the same as those of major depressive disorder (MDD), and include depressed mood, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, guilt, worthlessness, fatigue, impaired concentration, change in appetite, and change in motor activity. The DSM-5 categorizes “peripartum onset” as a specifier of MDD, applied to the first 4 weeks after childbirth (ICD-10 coding permits classifications of postpartum mental disorders up to 6 weeks after childbirth) [1]. In practice, many clinicians consider depression to be “postpartum depression” (PPD) for a much longer period than this, generally for up to 1 year after childbirth [2]. Symptoms that are most prevalent tend to be sleep disturbance, anxiety, irritability, and feelings of anxiety about the baby [2].
Oral ketamine for depression: An updated systematic review
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Shakila Meshkat, Sipan Haikazian, Joshua D. Di Vincenzo, Farhan Fancy, Danica Johnson, David Chen-Li, Roger S. McIntyre, Rodrigo Mansur, Joshua D. Rosenblat
Early treatment of depressive symptoms is correlated with improved symptomatic outcomes and early functional improvement. Given the high burden, effective treatment for depressive disorders is essential (Habert et al. 2016). There are a variety of well-established therapies for MDD, however, they are only effective in a proportion of patients (Rush 2011). Despite several therapy options, over 30% of MDD patients do not respond to standard antidepressants and remain symptomatic (Trivedi et al. 2006). Another disadvantage of currently available antidepressants is their delayed onset of action, which can lead to treatment discontinuation and increased suicide risk in some individuals (Alexopoulos 2019). As a result, there is an urgent need for new, rapidly acting, and effective therapeutic alternatives for patients suffering from both unipolar and bipolar depression.
Depressive Symptoms in Older African Immigrants with Mobility Limitations: A Descriptive Study
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Manka Nkimbeng, Nwakaego A Nmezi, Zachary G. Baker, Janiece L. Taylor, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Tetyana P. Shippee, Sarah L. Szanton, Joseph E. Gaugler
Immigration has been classified as a social determinant of health because the conditions that precipitate immigration or the conditions that individuals immigrate into encompass other social determinants of health that affect negative mental and physical health outcomes (Castañeda et al., 2015). Although many older African immigrants may have experienced several pre- and post-migration risk factors of depression, estimates of depressive symptoms in older African immigrants are limited. Also, immigrants who migrate at an older age are at a greater risk for poor mental health outcomes such as depression (Argeseanu Cunningham, Ruben, & Narayan, 2008). Although a major depressive disorder (often referred to simply as depression) is diagnosed by a licensed mental health professional, depressive symptoms that inform this diagnosis can be observed or ascertained through self-reporting. Therefore, this study describes self-reported depressive symptoms, and tests their potential correlations in a convenience sample of older African immigrants with mobility limitations in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.
Initial Session Effects of Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Secondary Analysis of A Small Randomized Pilot Trial
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2021
Todd M. Bishop, Hugh F. Crean, Jennifer S. Funderburk, Wilfred R. Pigeon
The current study is a secondary data analysis of a pilot clinical trial which examined recruitment strategies, treatment adherence and fidelity, and preliminary efficacy (Pigeon et al., 2019). The current study makes use of data from participants assigned to the experimental condition in this trial. Participants consisted of veterans engaged in care within the Veterans Health Administration and were eligible if they: 1) were English speaking, 2) were a veteran aged 18–70, 3) were able to demonstrate understanding of the informed consent process, 4) endorsed suicidal ideation on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) (Posner et al., 2011) 5) had an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (Bastien et al., 2001; Morin, 1993) score ≥ 10 with trouble sleeping ≥ three months, and at least one insomnia-related daytime consequence, 6) had either (a) a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder, depression not otherwise specified, or PTSD in the medical record, or (b) evidence of current depression or PTSD as evidenced by a score of ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) or ≥38 on the PTSD Symptom Checklist-Military version (PCL-M) (Weathers & Ford, 1996).