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Mental health in adult women
Published in Mary Steen, Michael Thomas, Mental Health Across the Lifespan, 2015
Mandy Drake, Elizabeth Newnham, Mary Steen
In relation to precipitators, life events are key. In the UK an influential study conducted in the 1970s found a number of social factors for depression in women. These included not having confiding relationships, no role outside of the home and having three or more children under 14 at home (Brown and Harris 1978). Contemporary studies reflect a similar picture with key precipitators rooted in daily life, particularly difficulties in relationships or adapting to changes in roles (e.g. being a full time mother) (NICE 2011a). A substantial proportion of people with depression will experience their first episode of depression in childhood or adolescence (Fava and Kendler 2000). Unfortunately, earlier onset is generally associated with poorer outcomes although it is unclear whether this is due to the delay in individuals presenting to services or in services identifying the depression; either way, early recognition is key.
Time trends in the incidence of diagnosed depression among people aged 5–25 years living in Finland 1995–2012
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Svetlana Filatova, Subina Upadhyaya, Kim Kronström, Auli Suominen, Roshan Chudal, Terhi Luntamo, Andre Sourander, David Gyllenberg
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide [1] and early diagnosis and treatment are essential to reduce the global burden of depression [2]. Community-based studies have reported a wide variability in the lifetime prevalence of depression from 4% to 45% [3]. Depression is relatively rare during childhood and the incidence increases after puberty [4], but depression during childhood and adolescence carries a high risk of recurrence [5,6]. The number of young persons with diagnosed depression who have used mental health services in the past 20 years has risen [7,8]. However, the number of studies on temporal changes in the incidence of diagnosed depression in this age group is small, but this information is important for planning of mental health services.
eMental Health Literacy and Knowledge of Common Child Mental Health Disorders among Parents of Preschoolers
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Eileen Cormier, Hyejin Park, Glenna Schluck
Parents’ knowledge of three common child mental health disorders (ADHD, ASD, and SAD) was compared based on level of eMental health literacy (low versus high). In the ADHD vignette, both groups accurately identified the disorder. Parents with high literacy indicated that genetic factors were most likely the cause of ADHD, while poor discipline were rated highest by parents with low eMental health literacy. Although multiple etiologies are implicated in ADHD, empirical evidence suggests that ADHD is a highly hereditary, polygenetic disorder (Bélanger, Andrews, Gray, & Korczak, 2018). In this study, parent with high eMental Health literacy were more knowledgeable about the cause of ADHD than parents with low eMental Health literacy. For ASD and SAD, however, differences between two groups regarding diagnosis and causes of the disorder were not noteworthy. A majority of parents in both high and low eMental health literacy groups accurately identified ASD and indicated genetic factors were underlying causes. In contrast, less than 50% in both groups accurately identified SAD and 20% indicated that nothing was wrong. Early diagnosis of SAD is important because untreated SAD in preschool children is associated with sleep disturbance, interference in social adaptation, school refusal and a risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression during childhood and adolescence (Mayer-Brien, Turgeon, & Lanovaz, 2017). Further, evidence suggests that SAD aggregates in families with the mode of transmission being primarily genetic. Early cognitive behavioral intervention can mitigate some of the long-term consequences of untreated anxiety symptoms during the preschool years (Warwick et al., 2017).