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A Psychodynamic Approach to Working with Pregnant Teenagers and Young Parents
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
Adolescents are very much in the throes of their own developmental processes and require significant support to build the internal resources they will need to care for a child. We can help to prepare a young person for the challenges ahead by improving their self-esteem, by encouraging the development of a sense of agency by setting realistic goals, and by guiding them to be curious about their own feelings. As Raphael-Leff (2012) describes, pregnant teenagers and young mums and dads are having to deal with the collision of the challenging demands of both adolescence and parenthood. If through the connections we are able to make in providing maternity care, we can offer an opportunity for reflection and an experience of being understood, we can nurture invaluable emotional skills needed for parenting.
Adolescents With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) view adolescent development in two stages, with the first stage including youth between the ages of 12 and 14 and the second stage between 15 and 17 years old (CDC.gov). Developmental milestones during the first stage of adolescence begin with hormonal changes as puberty starts with physical changes in appearance. Boys’ voices beginning to deepen, and both facial and pubic hair grow. Girls tend to grow pubic hair, develop breasts, and begin having menses. Growth patterns can be erratic as girls tend to grow height in measured routine incremental patterns while boys can grow taller in spurts, which may be slower or faster depending on each individual’s genetics and overall physical health. These physical changes can be problematic for some youth as they are concerned with their appearance being acceptable to peers, which can lead to anxiety, dysregulated moods, and maladaptive behaviors like eating disorders and engaging in substance use to attempt to fit in with peers. Adolescent perspectives of closeness and relationships change as they tend to develop more intense relationships with peers and spend less time with parents. When youth feel they are not acceptable to peers, especially if they’re bullied, these issues can become worse, leading to co-occurring disorders and suicidal ideation.
Growth Assessment
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Julia Driggers, Kanak Verma, Vi Goh
Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence, including growth in stature and development of secondary sexual characteristics. The latter occurs in a series of events that also follows a predictable pattern, with some individual variation in sequence and timing of onset (between 8 and 13 years in girls and 9.5 and 14 years in boys). Sexual maturation can happen gradually or with several changes at once. Tanner staging is a sexual maturity rating system used to define physical measures of sexual development, including breast changes in females, genital changes in males, and pubic hair changes in both females and males. Tanner staging is commonly used to define the pre- or peri-pubertal stage of a child at a single point in time (Appendix B). In boys, the first change is testicular development followed by penile growth and pubic hair development. In girls, the first change is breast development followed by the appearance of pubic hair which is then followed by menarche.
A safety review of prophylaxis drugs for adolescent patients with hereditary angioedema
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Henriette Farkas, Zsuzsanna Balla
In this review article, we discuss an overview of the safety data from a clinical trial of drugs currently used for the prophylactic treatment of C1 INH-HAE in adolescent patients. Within the pediatric population, those aged 12 years and over are divided into the adolescent group and those under 12 years into the childhood group. However, adolescence is defined by the WHO as the period of life between childhood and adulthood, between the ages of 10 and 19. In order to answer the question of the safety profile of prophylactic drugs for adolescent patients with hereditary angioedema, a systematic review of available publications collected up to December 31, 2022 was performed in PubMed using the following keywords: hereditary angioedema and prophylaxis, 371 English-language results were found for the titles containing the search terms hereditary angioedema and prophylaxis. Adding the keyword pediatric to the search narrowed the results to 24 hits. The analysis of these articles was supplemented by an analysis of the reported results of completed clinical trials (n = 14) on hereditary angioedema/prophylaxis including children under 18 years of age at https://clinicaltrials.gov/.”
Management of adolescents with hidradenitis suppurativa
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Erin Collier, Vivian Y. Shi, Jennifer L. Hsiao
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disorder presenting as painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts with predilection for intertriginous sites (1). HS is often accompanied by malodor, drainage, and scarring that can have devastating consequences on quality of life (QoL), especially during adolescence when patients are particularly vulnerable to challenges related to body image and self-esteem. Adolescence is defined as the period of development that generally occurs between ages 10 and 19 (2). A 2018 population-based study found the overall point prevalence of HS to be 28.1 per 100,000 children and adolescents in the United States (USA) (3). This likely underestimates the true prevalence of this disease given that young HS patients often experience shame, embarrassment or fear leading to delayed presentation to care (4).
Unmet health need and perceived barriers to health care among adolescents living in a rural area
Published in Children's Health Care, 2021
Heather K. Hardin, Hana Alchami, David Lee, M. Susan Jones
Adolescents living in rural areas may be at greater risk of having unmet health needs than their adult counterparts (Secor-Turner et al., 2014). Health-care avoidance is especially problematic among adolescents living in rural areas (Spleen et al., 2014) , whose use is low compared to other groups of adolescents, while having a higher burden of disease (Hardin et al., 2018; Douthit et al., 2015). Adolescents living in rural areas have health disparities in tobacco use, contraception, obesity, and depressive symptoms (Meit et al., 2014). In general, adolescents’ unmet health needs are most frequently related to injuries, sexual health, and mental health (Ramos et al., 2017). Financial access to care barriers are the most common barriers to general health care in adolescents (Hargreaves, Elliott, Viner, Richmond, & Schuster, 2015). Barriers to sexual health care include lack of parental support, along with issues related to confidentiality and minors’ consent (Fuentes, Ingerick, Jones, & Lindberg, 2018). Adolescent’s barriers to mental health care include mental health care stigma, financial barriers, and self-reliance (Schnyder et al., 2020). Many studies evaluating adolescents' unmet health needs and barriers to health care do so from the caregiver or HCP perspective, rather than the adolescent’s perspective (Jon-Ubabuco & Dimmitt Champion, 2019; Platell, Cook, & Martin, 2017; Schnyder et al., 2020). It seems likely that unmet health needs and barriers to health care are also problematic among adolescents living in rural areas; however, there is little evidence from the adolescent’s perspective