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Introduction: Probiotics and Psychopathology
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is currently in its fifth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) having superseded the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) in May 2013. The DSM is the standard reference manual for assessment, and diagnosis of neuropsychiatric conditions. The first edition of the DSM evolved out of the international classification of diseases (ICD-6) in 1952. Its goal ever since has been to map knowledge about the brain and psychopathologies, and to guide clinical professionals on the diagnosis of mental health disorders. One of the guiding principles of the DSM is to evaluate knowledge and to stay abreast of the changing times and the developments in causes and diagnosis of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Classification of eating disorders
Published in Stephen Wonderlich, James E Mitchell, Martina de Zwaan, Howard Steiger, Eric F van Furth, Annual Review of Eating Disorders Part 1 – 2007, 2018
Jill M Holm-Denoma, Kathryn H Gordon, Thomas E Joiner
Regarding the second criterion for a good classification system, Schmidt et al. (2004) proposed that the phenomena of interest should not be grouped in an arbitrary manner. Rather, classification systems should group phenomena in a way that accurately reflects nature or “carves nature at its joints” (Waller and Meehl 1998). Accurate classification systems enhance scientific and clinical understanding of phenomena, and should therefore be the goal of the DSM classification of psychiatric disorders (Clark et al. 1995). Researchers and clinicians have often questioned whether the DSM-IV-TR has fulfilled this second criterion. Thus, the current review addresses how well the DSM-IV-TR satisfies this criterion of a high-quality classification system.
MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 2: Questions
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
A 30-year-old man suffers from third-person auditory hallucination, thought interference and delusion of control for 3 months. Which of the following statements is correct? He fulfils the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia based on the ICD-10.He fulfils the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia based on DSM-IV-TR.He fulfils the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia based on both theDSM-IV-TR and the ICD-10.He does not fulfil diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia based on both theDSM-IV-TR and the ICD-10.None of the aforementioned options.
Open‐label pilot study of lisdexamfetamine for cocaine use disorder
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2021
John J. Mariani, C. Jean Choi, Martina Pavlicova, Amy L. Mahony, Daniel J. Brooks, John Grabowski, Frances R. Levin
Exclusion criteria included: 1) meeting DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, any psychotic disorder other than transient psychosis due to drug abuse, or current major depressive disorder; 2) any other current Axis I psychiatric disorder as defined by DSM‐IV‐TR that in the investigator’s judgment were unstable; 3) physiological dependence on any other drugs (excluding nicotine or cannabis) which require medical intervention; 4) current psychostimulant abuse or dependence (other than cocaine dependence); 5) current suicidal risk; 6) coronary vascular disease as indicated by history or suspected by abnormal ECG or history of cardiac symptoms; 7) unstable physical disorders which might make participation hazardous such as uncontrolled hypertension (SBP > 140, DBP > 90, or HR > 100), acute hepatitis or uncontrolled diabetes; 8) history of seizures, hyperthyroidism and/or glaucoma; 9) family history of sudden cardiac death; 10) history of allergic reaction to study medication; 11) pregnancy or nursing; 12) currently being prescribed psychotropic medication by another physician (other than sleep medication); 13) legally mandated to participate in substance abuse treatment program.
Construct validity and reproducibility of the Prescription Opioid Misuse And Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ)
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Karin S. Coyne, Alexandra I. Barsdorf, Brooke M. Currie, Stephen F. Butler, John T. Farrar, Jean-Yves Mazière, Renee F. Pierson, Harry J. Fisher, Ali A. Bukhari, Sidney H. Schnoll
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR is a widely accepted diagnostic instrument to reliably determine Axis I disorders in non-patient and patient populations26. Several studies have generated valid and reliable data related to substance use and abuse with this instrument27–31. Patients were assessed for substance dependence and abuse using the Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder questions from the SCID-I Substance Abuse/Dependence interview module via a telephone interview by trained mental health experts within 10 days of completing the initial POMAQ survey. The SCID scoring algorithm was used to determine a diagnosis of abuse and dependence for substance use disorders. Concordance between responses to POMAQ items and participants’ SCID-I results to specific behaviors assessed in the SCID-I were assessed to examine the construct validity of the POMAQ. For example, participant report of marijuana use on the POMAQ was compared with the SCID-I assessment of marijuana use. Of note, the SCID-I does not distinguish misuse and abuse behaviors.
Evaluation of Incest Cases: 4-Years Retrospective Study
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2020
Osman Celbis, İsmail Altın, Nusret Ayaz, Turgay Börk, Serdar Karatoprak
A retrospective examination was made of the records of 40 cases of incest victims who presented at the Healthcare Centre related to the Determination of Sexual Abuse/Assault Crimes and the Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health Polyclinic of a university hospital in the east of Turkey between 2012 and 2015. Evaluation was made of the age, gender, the incident suffered, the perpetrator, the form of abuse, examination findings, and mental status. As defined in section 2 of item 103 of the Turkish Penal Code, the forms of abuse were separated as without penetration sexual abuse (including actions such as touching the body for sexual purposes, physical petting, harassment and exposure) and with penetration sexual abuse (penetration of the body with the organ or other object) (Penal Code Of Turkey, TC. Resmi Gazete Sayı: 25611, 12/10/2004.). Mental health disorders were evaluated according to the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-V-TR (Köroğlu, 1995, 2013). In the interviews conducted with the victims, they were questioned as to whether or not they experienced physical violence before, during or after the sexual abuse. When the cases were classified, the broadest concepts were used that would include reasons for referral to the judicial courts. The data obtained in the study were evaluated using IBM SPSS 21.00 software.