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Define Your Recovery, Design Your Life
Published in Joi Andreoli, The Recovery Cycle, 2023
Remember, the drink, as stated in the previous paragraph and as I mean it, is that something personal to you: gambling, porn, pills, sugar, or anything else. All addictions involve the reward system in the brain in a similar way, which energizes the compulsion.4
Planned Compulsive Homicides
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
Why do some individuals act on their violent and sadistic fantasies, and others do not? Revitch and Schlesinger (1981, 1989) concluded that those individuals who act out these fantasies do so because of a compulsion. In many cases, the compulsion is so strong that an attempt to resist it results in anxiety and various somatic manifestations. For example, Krafft-Ebing (1886) cited the case of a 21-year-old man who attacked and stabbed girls in the genitals during broad daylight. “For a while he succeeded in mastering his morbid craving, but this produced feelings of anxiety and a copious perspiration would break out from his entire body” (p. 74).
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
The obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterised by the presence of obsessions or compulsions that create significant distress. Most common obsessions involve fear of contamination and fear of disasters. Most frequent compulsions include washing, repetition and checking. The most common comorbid disorders are depression, other anxiety disorders, and Tourette’s syndrome. Treatment involves a combination of cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacological treatment with antidepressants.
A systematic review of treatment approaches for compulsive exercise among individuals with eating disorders
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Laura Hallward, Annissa Di Marino, Lindsay R. Duncan
Individuals with eating disorders often experience maladaptive exercise cognitions and behaviours, which has been identified in as many as 85% of individuals with eating disorders (Fietz et al., 2014; Meyer et al., 2011; Moola et al., 2013). The etiology of maladaptive exercise is unknown (Costa et al., 2016), which has led researchers to conceptualize it in various ways. For example, maladaptive exercise has been described as an addiction and conceptualized based on theories of behavioural addiction (Brown, 1993), such as gambling addiction. The terms exercise abuse or exercise dependence have been used, based on criteria for diagnosing substance dependence (De Coverley Veale, 1987). Other researchers have explained that the term addiction encompasses both compulsion and dependence (i.e., addiction = compulsion + dependence; Berczik et al., 2012; Szabo, 2010). Regardless of the term used, conceptualizations of maladaptive exercise include either a quantitative component (i.e., frequency, volume, duration) or a qualitative dimension associated with exercise cognitions (i.e., obsession, compulsivity, rigidity; Meyer & Taranis, 2011). However, there is strong evidence indicating quantities of exercise (i.e., hours of exercise each week) are unrelated to eating psychopathology in both clinical and non-clinical samples (Meyer & Taranis, 2011). The qualitative or psychological aspects of maladaptive exercise, such as distress with ceasing exercise, obsessive thoughts, and exercising despite negative outcomes are more telling of pathological exercise (Noetel et al., 2017).
Art Therapy and the Malnourished Brain: The Development of the Nourishment Framework
Published in Art Therapy, 2021
Unlike bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder where Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is identified as the most effective treatment approach, there has been no recommended treatment approach for AN (Dalle Grave, El Ghoch et al., 2016; National Collaborating Center for Mental Health, 2004). CBT has been effective in addressing treatment concerns such as anxiety, depression, self-image, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors—all significant factors in AN—but there is little substantial evidence that CBT is effective at addressing the full complexity of AN (Galsworthy-Francis & Allan, 2014). Building on Hinz’s (2006) recommendations that art therapy aids effective treatment and recovery for individuals struggling with AN, this article introduces the Nourishment Framework that helps individuals with AN to be receptive to the dietary requirements and subsequent changes happening to their mind and body.
Hippocampal functional network: The mediating role between obsession and anxiety in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Kun Li, Haisan Zhang, Bi Wang, Yongfeng Yang, Meng Zhang, Wenqiang Li, Xianrui Li, Luxian Lv, Jingping Zhao, Hongxing Zhang
In recent years, emerging bodies of evidence have revealed that the cerebellum is associated with cognitive functions, including visuospatial attentional function (Brissenden et al. 2018), attention and working memory (Brissenden et al. 2016; Sokolov et al. 2017). In addition, abnormal intrinsic activities in the cerebellum have been found to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD not only through abnormal cognitive function but also affective functional defects (Eng et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2018). Moreover, abnormal cerebellar FC network has been suggested to be related to anxiety vulnerability (Caulfield et al. 2016). Taken together, increased FC between the hippocampus and cerebellum may be related to abnormal information monitoring and attention deficit in patients with OCD. These patients pay too much attention to the unrelated information, which evokes pathological anxiety. Compulsion is applied to alleviate anxiety. However, the patient subjectively wants to suppress the obsession and compulsion, exacerbating the anxiety.