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Withdrawal/reversal designs
Published in Robyn L. Tate, Michael Perdices, Single-Case Experimental Designs for Clinical Research and Neurorehabilitation Settings, 2019
Robyn L. Tate, Michael Perdices
An example of a medical N-of-1 trial is that of Nikles et al. (2014) who examined the effects of stimulants (methylphenidate or dexamphetamine versus placebo) to treat attentional, executive, and behavioural symptoms as a consequence of traumatic and other acquired brain injury in seven children. Each participant received three cycles of placebo (A period) and active drug (B period) in treatment blocks of 1 week for each period. A wash-out period of the first two days of the week was specified a priori and data were not collected for those intervals. The period within each cycle was randomised, and everyone involved in the study (practitioner, participants, parents, teacher) was blinded. Medications, which were identical in appearance, were prepared in the pharmacy in individual Webster packs as per the participant’s computer-generated randomisation schedule. Three standardised instruments were completed at the end of each one-week period: the Connors’3, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory. Data were aggregated across the periods and analysed statistically, and Bayesian random effects models were used to combine the studies to obtain estimation of treatment effect for the group.
Sitting at The Table
Published in Maxine Ficksman, Jane Utley Adelizzi, The Clinical Practice of Educational Therapy, 2017
I knew that Byron Rourke reported that he did not think the incidence of bipolar disorder was higher for individuals with nonverbal learning disorders than it was for any other population, but I perused other research in order to gain further insight. In a (2002) study by DelBello, it was reported that children and adolescents who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder also demonstrated clinically significant scores across all domains on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a finding familiar to me in the course of my work with adolescents and adults with both already diagnosed and suspected NLD. This often led to a diagnosis of ADHD for adolescents and young adults, especially if they exhibited a restless and risk-taking nature.
Assessment of Assistive Technology for Individuals with Cognitive Impairments
Published in Stefano Federici, Marcia J. Scherer, Assistive Technology Assessment Handbook, 2017
Christopher Stavisky, Jaime Rosa Campeau, Simon Carson, Nancy Dukelow, Sheryl Maier, Amy Pacos Martinez, Sarah Kysor
The assessment of individuals with cognitive–communication disorders after traumatic brain injury can prove challenging to speech–language pathologists. It was with this knowledge that The Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences Practice Guidelines Group dedicated a specific writing committee to the topic, with the objective of evaluating the evidence base for standardized and nonstandardized evaluation and to provide guidelines for clinicians to identify valid and reliable tools. The following seven tests were found to satisfy the most established criteria for validity and reliability with this clinical population (Turkstra et al., 2005a,b): American Speech Language Hearing Association Functional Assessment of Communication Skills in Adults (ASHA-FACS) (Frattali, Thompson, Holland, Wohl, and Ferketic, 1995)Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Second Edition (BRIEF-2) (Giola, Isquith, Guy, and Kenworthy, 2013)Communication Activities of Daily Living, Second Edition (CADL-2) (Holland, 1999)Functional Independence Measure (FIM; Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation) (Keith, Granger, Hamilton, and Sherwin, 1987)Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) (Randolph et al. 1998)Test of Language Competence—Extended (TLC-E) (Wiig and Secord, 1989)Western Aphasia Battery—Revised (WAB-R) (Kertesz, 2007)
Executive functioning as mediator of the association between traumatic brain injury and prison bullying
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Nicolás Trajtenberg, Olga Sánchez de Ribera, Steven Cook, Jane. L. Ireland
The Spanish version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult version (BRIEF-A; 50) comprises 75 items scored on a 3-point Likert-scale (“Never” = 0, “Sometimes” = 1, and “Often” = 2), which provided a General Executive Composite score (GEC) (α = 0.95) and two index scores: 1) The Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) (α = 0.92), which includes four domains: inhibition (e.g., “I have trouble sitting still”), shift (e.g., “I am bothered by having to deal with changes”), emotional control (e.g. “I overreact to small problems”), and self-monitoring (e.g., “I talk at the wrong time”). 2) The Metacognition Index (MCI), which yields five domains (α = 0.91): initiate (e.g., “I have trouble getting started on tasks”), working memory (e.g., “I have a short attention span”), plan/organize (e.g., “I don’t plan ahead for tasks”), task monitoring (e.g., I have problems completing my work”), organization of materials (e.g., “I don’t pick up after myself”)1.
The role of executive functioning, healthcare management, and self-efficacy in college students’ health-related quality of life
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Grace K. Cushman, Kara B. West, Molly Davis, Julia LaMotte, Cyd K. Eaton, Ana M. Gutierrez-Colina, Cynthia Suveg, Ronald L. Blount
The 75-item Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A)42 was administered at T1 to assess EF. Specifically, the Global Executive Composite, which indexes overall EF difficulties, was used in analyses. Participants endorsed the frequency of particular behaviors (e.g., ‘I have trouble finishing tasks [such as chores, work]’) using a 3-point scale from ‘Never’ to ‘Often’. The Global Executive Composite was calculated by summing the scores of each scale (i.e., inhibition, emotional control, self-monitoring, task initiation/monitoring, working memory, and planning/organization) and converting to gender- and age-matched T-scores. T-scores were used in analyses with higher scores indicating greater difficulties with EF. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = .97).
Subjective executive dysfunction in patients with primary brain tumors and their informants: relationships with neurocognitive, psychological, and daily functioning
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Sarah Ellen Braun, Autumn Lanoye, Farah J Aslanzadeh, Ashlee R Loughan
Perceived executive dysfunction may provide a unique perspective into individual concerns and daily challenges (2,13). The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) (14); is a subjective measure of EF, with self- and informant-versions (BRIEF-A and BRIEF-Informant, respectively). Based on behavioral and neural correlates (15–17), the BRIEF was developed to capture perceived deficits in daily functioning and inform treatment of cognitive impairment across a wide range of populations (18). BRIEF-A profiles of individuals with PBT are reported to be similar to those of individuals with mild cognitive impairment related to traumatic brain injury, with the highest elevations in the domains of metacognition, i.e., working memory, planning and organization, and task monitoring (19).