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Deception and the Systemic Problem of Substance Abuse
Published in Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier, Detecting Malingering and Deception, 2020
Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier
The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007) has been touted as having psychometric advantages over other instruments (Rogers, Omduff, & Sewell, 1993). Fals-Stewart (1996) noted that the PAI items can be answered on a four-point Likert format (e.g., very true, mostly true, slightly true, and false), which offers quantitative response variability as opposed to the more limited dichotomous (i.e., true or false) scale that is the more common format. Second, the PAI scales do not share like items with the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III. The argument is that this affords more discriminative validity to the PAI. The PAI has two scales relevant to substance abuse deception, Alcohol Problems and Drug Problems. The PAI also has a validity scale, the Positive Impression scale, that is designed to detect the degree of positive impression management by subjects. Fals-Stewart (1996) observed that unlike the non-obvious items on the MMPI-2 and the MCMI-III drug and alcohol subscales, the PAI subscale items were all obviously related to substance abuse issues.
The MMPI as an Aid in Evaluating Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome
Published in Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods, Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
C. James Chuong, Robert C. Colligan, Carolyn B. Coulam, Erik J. Bergstralh
Median scores on all clinical scales except 5(Mf) and 9(Ma) increased significantly (Table 11-2). Among the validity scales, F increased significantly and K decreased significantly. This change in validity-scale configuration suggested a lowering of the psychologic defenses or ego strength available to the individual and an accompanying tendency to report more symptoms.
Using the MMPI-2-RF in Discriminating Between Malingering and Somatoform Disorder
Published in Kyle Brauer Boone, Neuropsychological Evaluation of Somatoform and Other Functional Somatic Conditions, 2017
Roger O. Gervais, Deon Louw, Keith Gibson
While the MMPI-2-RF literature contains a number of studies examining validity scale scores associated with cognitive malingering or exaggeration in personal injury and forensic disability assessment settings, only a few studies have studied the substantive scales from this perspective. Thomas and Youngjohn (2009) examined the MMPI-2 Validity, Clinical, and Restructured Clinical (RC) scale profiles in a sample of traumatic brain injury litigants who passed and failed cognitive symptom validity tests. Of the RC scales, Somatic Complaints (RC1) demonstrated the largest mean difference between the pass and fail PVT groups (d = 1.10). In a subsequent study, Youngjohn et al. (2011) investigated the MMPI-2-RF validity and somatic/cognitive scale scores in the same sample of traumatic brain injury litigants. The somatic/cognitive scales were significantly higher in the fail PVT group, with effect sizes (Cohen’s d) ranging from 0.62 on Cognitive Complaints (COG) to 1.12 on Malaise (MLS).
Evaluation of a physical activity promotion intervention for adults with whiplash associated disorders: a single-case experimental design study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Carrie Ritchie, Kelly Clanchy, Michele Sterling, Robyn Tate, Esther J. Smits, Melissa Day, Jane Nikles, Jenna Liimatainen, Sean M. Tweedy
Finally, the SCED design of the present study provided an opportunity to assess both inter- and intra-individual experiences of the intervention. The study followed the rigorous recommendations for SCED designs and PA was measured objectively. On the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials Scale [60], a critical appraisal scale for SCEDs, the study scored 25/30 for the primary target behaviour (habitual PA). Importantly, the Internal Validity Scale score was 12/14, with the algorithm classifying the study as having very high methodological rigour [61]. The study also scored highly on the External Validity and Interpretation subscale (13/16). There were a few methodological limitations. Firstly, it was impossible to blind the Exercise Physiologist or the participants to phase B of the intervention; and secondly, although wrist-worn accelerometry has been shown to optimise compliance [62], the length of time participants were required to wear the device in the present study led to challenges with study completion and only three participants provided data for the maintenance phase. Thirdly, while SF12 total scores are normalised and provide an indication of healthy, or otherwise, levels of physical and mental health quality of life, the MCID for SF12 in WAD has not been established. The values referred to in this study were developed for low back pain and therefore may be different in WAD.
Development and evaluation of a questionnaire instrument for chemical intolerance, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Anna Söderholm, Ingrid Liljelind, Berit Edvardsson, Steven Nordin
In this study, the APECI-ICF, an instrument for measuring difficulties in activities and participation, and impact of environmental factors in chemical intolerance was developed and evaluated with respect to validity and reliability. The final version of the instrument consist of 57 items: 37 in Activities and participation, 9 in Environmental factors that may be barriers and 11 in Environmental factors that may be facilitators. The APECI-ICF was found to have good content validity according to experts with respect to various perspectives of chemical intolerance, and good readability and face validity assessed with a sample with chemical intolerance. This sample found it to be understandable, easy to respond to and very relevant with a mean score of 4.4 on the Nevo Face Validity Scale. Good reliability was found in terms of internal consistency with Cronbach alpha values of 0.73–0.87 for the three parts of the APECI-ICF and in terms of stability (test-retest). The test-retest result showed good to very good (≥0.61) Kappa agreement for 37 items, and moderate Kappa agreement (0.41–0.60) for 17 items. Only 3 items had poor or fair (<0.41) Kappa agreement.
External Correlates of the MMPI-2-Restructured Form across a National Sample of Veterans
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Paul B. Ingram, Anthony M. Tarescavage, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Mary E. Oehlert, Becca K. Bergquist
Participants were considered for inclusion within this study if testing data for either the MMPI-2 or the MMPI-2-RF and at least one self-report inventory was entered electronically into the VA Mental Health Assistant Suite. All administrations must have occurred between January 1, 2008 and May 31, 2015. Participants from all VAs across the country were considered, so long as their data were accessible via the electronic medical database stored within the Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW). In cases where there were multiple MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF administrations recorded within the system; the first administration was utilized. In cases where a single participant had multiple administrations of a criterion measure, the most proximal administration (to the included MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF administration) was retained. Individuals with invalid MMPI-2-RF protocols were excluded using standard validity scale cut-scores as recommended in the MMPI-2-RF Administration and Interpretation Manual (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011) and by the results of Ingram and colleagues (2019a) VA study (VRIN-r ≥ 80, TRIN-r ≥ 80, F-r = 120, Fp-r ≥ 100, Fs ≥ 100, RBS ≥ 100, FBS-r ≥ 100, L-r ≥ 80, and K-r ≥ 70). No participants were excluded on CNS. For a detailed description of validity scale performance within this VA database, see Ingram and colleagues (2019a).