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The measurement of leadership qualities as an aspect of nursing identity
Published in Roger Ellis, Elaine Hogard, Professional Identity in the Caring Professions, 2020
Briefly stated they are that valid and reliable self-reports rely on sound motivation, openness, honesty and astute self-awareness which is difficult to ensure. This is managed in part by encouraging quick intuitive responses. ‘Social desirability’ bias, responding in the way you think is socially desirable, is minimised by the NM scoring process. NM provides a snapshot of values held at one moment in time-taking account of randomly occurring personal factors that influence responses so that some values may vary considerably over time. Some respondents with very high self-regard and very firm preferred views may score exceptionally well when a more balanced and equitable demeanour with a more moderate score may be preferable – a situation best managed at interview.
Adherence, concordance, compliance and barriers to gastrointestinal treatments in children
Published in Clarissa Martin, Terence Dovey, Angela Southall, Clarissa Martin, Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2019
Despite these benefits, there is significant concern regarding the validity of self-report and parent proxy report data. Patients or parents may be reluctant to disclose non-adherence because of social desirability bias or may not accurately recall episodes of non-adherence. As a result, self-report and parent proxy report generally overestimate adherence. For example, when self-report or parent proxy report of adherence is used, non-adherence prevalence rates in IBD are 10% for 6-MP/azathioprine and 2% for 5-aminosalicylates. However, when objective methods (e.g. pill counts) are used, non-adherence prevalence rates jump to 64% for 6-MP/azathioprine and 88% for 5-aminosalicylates (Hommel et al., 2009). In a study with paediatric liver transplant patients, mean self-reported adherence was 97.5%. Using electronic monitors, however, mean adherence was estimated at 69.1% (Maikranz et al., 2007). Furthermore, patient and parent report of adherence were not associated with any health outcome variable (i.e. number of biopsies and rejection episodes, number of hospital admissions or inpatient stays) (Shemesh et al., 2004), limiting their clinical utility.
Strategies for Improving the Validity of the 24-hour Dietary Recall and Food Record Methods
Published in Dale A. Schoeller, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga, Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 2017
Lisa J. Harnack, Mark A. Pereira
Social desirability bias is the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a manner that is perceived as being a socially acceptable response. With respect to the dietary recall and food-record methods, social desirability bias may result in underreporting foods, or eating behaviors viewed as undesirable and/or overreporting foods, or eating behaviors viewed as desirable or socially acceptable.
The Global Task Force for Chronic Pain in People with HIV (PWH): Developing a research agenda in an emerging field
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Jessica S. Merlin, M. Hamm, F. de Abril Cameron, V. Baker, D. A. Brown, C. L. Cherry, E.J. Edelman, M. Evangeli, R. Harding, J. Josh, H. I. Kemp, C. Lichius, V. J. Madden, K. Nkhoma, K. K. O’Brien, R. Parker, A. Rice, J. Robinson-Papp, C. A. Sabin, D. Slawek, W. Scott, J. I. Tsui, L. A. Uebelacker, A. L. Wadley, B. R. Goodin
Questionnaires were conducted online in June – July 2019 using Qualtrics (Provo, UT). Questionnaires were conducted anonymously to minimize social desirability bias. Questionnaire 1 was an open-ended brainstorming task in which participants were asked to (1) identify the most important knowledge gaps in the field of HIV and chronic pain and (2) identify the most important domains to measure in studies of chronic pain in PWH, which could include pain, or related domains that are important to consider in PWH who have pain. Based on these results, Questionnaire 2 asked participants to (1) rank the knowledge gaps in terms of improving care and advancing the science, and (2) select the 10 most and 10 least important domains, acknowledging that some would be more important for baseline measurement and some would be more important for outcome measurement (see Supplemental Content for full questionnaires).
Psychosocial Functioning and Occupational Participation among Adolescent Children of Parents with Mental Illness: A Mixed Methods Study
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2023
Sruthi Thommen, Vinita Acharya, Shripathy M. Bhat
There were several limitations to the study. We used convenience sampling for the study which may not have led to adequate representation of the true population. Due to time constraints, the estimated sample size of 80 participants could not be met. Although the tool is widely used to identify the mental health needs of children and adolescents, it was not specific to occupational participation. Social desirability bias i.e. tendency of the respondents to answer in a way that is socially appropriate so that they can be viewed favorably by others may have confounded the findings in the study. The qualitative part of this study had a limited number of five participants which makes it difficult to generalize findings. We could not access more adolescents for the interview. Due to the language barrier, the rural population of the Udupi, could not be included in the qualitative interviews, which may have provided experiences of adolescents from a different socio-economic background. We included perceptions of the parents about the psychosocial functioning of the adolescent children rather than more objective measures, such as Adolescents’ Psychosocial Functioning Inventory or the Multidimensional Adolescent Functioning Scale which could have been used if we could access the adolescents directly. Alternatively, the self-report scores on the SDQ from the adolescent children could have been taken for comparison with the parent rated scores.
Racial discrimination and disability among Asian and Latinx populations in the United States
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Kyle Waldman, Andrew Stickley, Beverly Araujo Dawson, Hans Oh
The Marlowe and Crowne 10-item inventory [52] was administered to measure social desirability and account for potentially important differences in the propensity to report racial discrimination across respondents. Respondents who are concerned about preserving their self-image or who are unwilling to acknowledge a lower social status may report less discrimination [45]. Social desirability bias also reduces the willingness of respondents to report stigmatized health conditions [53]. Respondents responded to 10 true/false questions, including representative items such as: “I never met a person that I didn’t like;” “I never get annoyed when people cut ahead of me in line;” and “I have never been bored.” The responses were summed into a score ranging from 0-10, where higher scores indicated more social desirability (α = 0.72 for Latinx respondents and α = 0.70 for Asian respondents).