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Personality
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
The key features of avoidant personality disorder are excessive and pervasive anxiety and discomfort in social situations and in intimate relationships, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism. Although strongly desiring relationships, they avoid them because they fear being ridiculed, criticized, rejected, or humiliated. These fears reflect their low self-esteem and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation by others. As a result, they tend to avoid social or intimate settings, and are unwilling to become involved with others unless they are certain of being liked. They avoid occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fear of humiliating themselves or being criticized. There is a high co-occurrence of avoidant personality disorder with social phobia, as well as with a broad spectrum of other anxiety disorders. The avoidant behavior often starts in infancy or childhood with shyness, isolation, and fear of strangers or new situations. Patients with avoidant personality disorder may engage in deliberate self-harm (Klonsky, Oltmanns, & Turkheimer, 2003) and experience disability in social, educational, and physical fields (Kessler, 2003).
Clinical Theory and Skills EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Antisocial personality disorder.Avoidant personality disorder.Borderline personality disorder.Histrionic personality disorder.Narcissistic personality disorder.Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.Paranoid personality disorder.Schizoid personality disorder.Schizotypal personality disorder.
The biological bases of personality
Published in Philip N. Murphy, The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
Avoidant personality disorder is characterised by feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and sensitivity to criticism. These individuals may avoid situations or relationships in order to avoid criticism or disapproval. As a consequence, they appear awkward and vulnerable in social situations and may have limited social support.
Hikikomori: psychopathology and differential diagnosis of a condition with epidemic diffusion
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2021
Giovanni Martinotti, Chiara Vannini, Chiara Di Natale, Antonella Sociali, Gianfranco Stigliano, Rita Santacroce, Massimo di Giannantonio
Alexander Krieg and Jane R. Dickie hypothesise that the development of behaviour is determined not only by the attachment pattern in childhood, but also by the shy temperament of the child and, in adolescence, by difficulties in the relationship with peers. The same authors, comparing hikikomori with healthy controls, then strengthened this hypothesis (Krieg and Dickie 2013). These characteristics, together with some others, are in common with avoidant personality disorder and specially: shyness, ambivalent attachment styles and life experiences including rejection by peers and parents (Krieg and Dickie 2013), high loneliness and impaired social networks, apparent inability to maintain meaningful social ties (Teo et al. 2015a, 2015b), social withdrawal and avoidance of real-world human interactions, tendency towards indirect interpersonal exchanges via the Internet (Lee et al. 2013).
Psychotherapy Termination Practices with Older Adults: Impact of Patient and Therapist Characteristics
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2018
Daniel J. Sullivan, Patricia Zeff, Richard A. Zweig
In regard to modifying termination practices with patients with personality disorders, recommendations are sparse. In the treatment of borderline personality disorder, Linehan (1993) recommends employing several approaches during the termination phase. Given the tumultuous interpersonal worlds of persons with borderline personality disorder, and the difficulty they often experience in ending treatment, Linehan recommends taking an active, deliberate approach to the termination phase. She suggests discussing termination well before the last session, tapering sessions, and clarifying the nature of the post treatment relationship (Linehan, 1993). Beck, Freeman, and Davis (2004) offer a variety of practice recommendations for ending therapy with patients with personality disorders. For instance, given that termination might be frightening for patients with dependent personality disorder, session frequency can be gradually tapered while also giving the patient the option to return to weekly sessions if they feel it necessary. For patients with avoidant personality disorder, the authors recommend creating a plan to continue self-therapy following termination and preparing for potential post-termination challenges.
Comparing English-Language and Chinese-Language Assessment of DSM-5 Personality Disorders and Interpersonal Problems in Chinese Bilingual Speakers
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Leila Z. Wu, A. Esin Asan, Alexandra L. Halberstadt, Aaron L. Pincus
Although personality pathology is associated with general interpersonal dysfunction, research consistently finds that DSM-5 personality disorder constructs exhibit distinct and substantively meaningful patterns of associations with interpersonal problems (e.g. Pincus & Wiggins, 1990; Soldz et al., 1993; Williams & Simms, 2016; Wright et al., 2012). A recent meta-analytic review of interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorders (Wilson et al., 2017) covering 127 published and unpublished studies comprising 2,579 effect sizes found that nine of the 10 DSM-5 personality disorders (excluding obsessive–compulsive personality disorder) exhibited unique and substantively meaningful circumplex patterns of associations with dysfunctional interpersonal traits. Specifically, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders showed associations primarily with cold interpersonal traits. Avoidant personality disorder showed associations with both submissive and cold interpersonal traits. Antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders showed associations with dominant interpersonal traits. Histrionic personality disorder showed associations with warm and dominant interpersonal traits. Borderline personality disorder showed associations with all interpersonal traits except nonassertiveness and over-nurturance, while dependent personality disorder showed associations with all interpersonal traits except dominance. These findings confirm that the DSM-5 personality disorders exhibit distinct profiles of interpersonal functioning and support the choice of examining interpersonal circumplex profiles to evaluate convergent and divergent nomological associations in the current study.