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Psychoanalytic Approaches to Psychosomatic Medicine
Published in Paul Ian Steinberg, Psychoanalysis in Medicine, 2020
Maunder and Hunter (2008) suggest that adverse childhood experiences alter the relational world of children, inhibiting the development of secure attachment bonds. They survey evidence that attachment insecurity can impair physical health throughout the lifespan. They propose that insecurity in attachment contributes to risk of disease through several mechanisms, including:(1) disturbances in arousal and recovery within physiological systems that respond to stress; (2) physiological links between the mediators of social relationships, stress, and immunity; (3) links between relationship style and various health behaviors; and (4) disease risk factors that serve as external regulators of dysphoric affect, such as nicotine and alcohol.(Maunder & Hunter, 2008: 11)
Relationality
Published in Fiona Buchanan, Mothering Babies in Domestic Violence, 2017
In domestic violence, babies are separated from their mothers for short periods in frightening situations and, on occasion, for lengthier times when an abusive partner absconds with the baby. However, because practitioners do not raise the issue of forced separation with women who have babies in domestic violence, the extent to which this occurs is unknown. Yet, instances of forced separation have significance for attachment theorists. Bowlby (1982) was particularly concerned about attachment insecurity for babies separated from their mothers during infancy. Indeed Robertson, a colleague of Bowlby’s, was instrumental in changing UK hospital policy regarding separation of young children from their mothers because he produced compelling evidence that enforced separation can damage the ongoing relationship between woman and baby (Robertson and Bowlby 1952).
Shifts in Emotional Intimacy
Published in Nancy L. Beckerman, Couples of Mixed HIV Status, 2012
Emotionally focused assessment and de-escalation (steps 1-4) would go on to identify the problematic interactional cycle that maintains attachment insecurity and relationship distress, facilitating the partner’s unacknowledged emotions and reframing their conflict so they can better understand and negotiate their behavioral patterns and attachment needs (Johnson, 1999).
The Role of Empathy in the Trustworthiness of the Psychotherapist
Published in Psychiatry, 2021
Shaver et al.’ (2016) review revealed limited research on the relation between children’s attachment security and their empathy; the few studies yielded inconsistent findings. Most promising is research suggesting that secure attachment is associated with better capacities for emotion regulation which, in turn, is associated with greater empathy. Although there are also relatively few studies of adolescents, the research is more consistent in showing the predicted relation between attachment security and empathic ability. More extensive research on adults that links secure attachment to empathic caregiving in both parent-child and romantic relationships. Moreover, different forms of attachment insecurity are associated with different kinds of impairment. Avoidant adults are uncomfortable with closeness and emotionally detached, inclined to distance themselves from others’ distress rather than showing empathic concern. In contrast, anxiously attached adults, whose emotion-regulation skills are compromised, are liable to be distressed by others’ needs and more self-focused as well as using caregiving of others to fill their own needs vicariously.
Morning affect, eveningness, and amplitude of diurnal variation: associations with parent adult-child relationships, and adult attachment style
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
However, the current study found that eveningness was not related to adult attachment security, and it was not related to components of parent adult-child relationships, with all correlations being weak/near zero. Instead, low morning affect (MA), and/or higher amplitude of diurnal variation (distinctness/DI) had small/moderate correlations with more insecure attachment, perception of more fatherly control, and less regard for parents. Consistently, lower MA and higher DI were also associated with more depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS), more sleep problems, and less life satisfaction (cf. Carciofo 2020; Carciofo and Song 2019; Demirhan et al. 2019), and also more loneliness. Attachment insecurity showed the same pattern of correlations (cf. Adams and McWilliams 2015; Adams et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2017; Erozkan 2011; Fearon and Roisman 2017; Mikulincer and Shaver 2012), as did perception of more fatherly control, and lower regard for parents.
An Attachment Perspective on Partner Responses to Genito-pelvic Pain and Their Associations with Relationship and Sexual Outcomes
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2021
Véronique Charbonneau-Lefebvre, Natalie O. Rosen, Myriam Bosisio, Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Sophie Bergeron
As demonstrated in many empirical studies, attachment insecurity (i.e. higher levels of attachment avoidance and/or attachment anxiety) and its associated strategies may lead individuals to experience their relationships, and also their sex lives, as being less satisfying, more stressful and more frustrating, as the attachment bond is either superficial or unfulfilling (Beck et al., 2013; Brassard et al., 2015; Butzer & Campbell, 2008; Collins et al., 2011; Li & Chan, 2012; Mikulincer et al., 2002; Stefanou & McCabe, 2012). In the context of PVD, the interpersonal emotion regulation model of women’s sexual dysfunction stipulates that attachment insecurity may lead to couples’ poorer relational, sexual and psychological adjustment, whereby individuals with greater attachment avoidance or anxiety may respectively minimize or exaggerate the threatening aspect of genito-pelvic pain (Rosen & Bergeron, 2019). Indeed, there is evidence showing that attachment insecurity is linked to poorer sexual adjustment in couples affected by PVD, whereby attachment anxiety and avoidance have been associated with greater pain intensity (Charbonneau-Lefebvre et al., 2019; Granot et al., 2010), lower sexual function in women, and lower sexual satisfaction in both women and partners (Leclerc et al., 2015). However, no studies to date have examined attachment’s associations with PVD couples’ relationship satisfaction or subjective sexual distress.