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Hemispatial Neglect (and Autosomatagnosia)
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
Oftentimes, neglect symptoms go away on their own over time as the person recovers. However, sometimes they continue to linger for months or longer following the brain injury (Gammeri et al., 2020). There are a few things that doctors can do to try and help neglect patients recover. While some drugs have been tried, most neglect treatments are not based on medication (Chatterjee, 2003). One of the first methods that was used successfully to temporarily treat neglect was called “caloric stimulation” which involved pouring cold water into the left ear (Rubens, 1985). But because of the “general impracticality of ear irrigation”—or earigation, as it is called by no one—other methods such as galvanic stimulation are used (Wilkinson et al., 2014). That involves sending tiny electric shocks into the bones just behind the ears in order to remind the brain that there are two different sides of the body. Another approach to treating neglect is prismatic adaptation, in which a person wears special reality-warping glasses or goggles that bend light in a way that allows them to interact with and understand more of their environment, and sometimes this prism training takes place in virtual environments designed to retrain the person's brain (Gammeri et al., 2020). As more is learned about the different subtypes of neglect, it will become easier to treat people with specific issues, as we begin to determine exactly why their left was left behind.
Stroke
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Neglect can occur in various forms. It can be neglect of own person (e.g. failing to use one side of the body) or of the environment (e.g. not appreciating obstacles on one side). It may be caused by lesions in the parietal lobe on either side of the brain, but is often more severe when it affects the non-dominant hemisphere. Functional impairment may be out of proportion with motor and sensory loss. A variety of techniques have been developed to aid its detection. These include clock-drawing (see page 110) and the star cancellation test.9
Safeguarding and protection of children and vulnerable adults
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Childhood experiences, both positive and negative, have a tremendous impact on future violence victimisation and perpetration, and lifelong health and opportunity. As such, early experiences are an important public health issue. Much of the foundational research in this area has been referred to as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). As the implications of ACEs are better recognised, research is identifying associations with features later in life such as non-suicidal injurious behavior. Additionally, a number of behavioural characteristics may indicate both neglect and emotional abuse, for example, age-inappropriate social skills (e.g., inability to use knife and fork), bedwetting and soiling, inability to self-dress, smoking, drug and alcohol misuse, sexual precocity and absenting from school. Certain features associated with possible neglect may be evident during assessment and physical examination and include unkempt child, ill-fitting or absent items of clothes, dirty or uncut nails, local skin infections/excoriations and low centiles for weight and height. However, some of these features may be seen in normal, non-abused children. There may be a failure to thrive. There may be considerable geographical and cultural differences in the manifestation of such abuse.
Childhood Trauma and Substance Use Treatment Length of Stay and Completion
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
In this study, we evaluated the relationship between childhood trauma and adult substance use treatment outcomes. Because childhood trauma is associated with substance use (Hummel et al., 2013; Rasmussen et al., 2018; Rogers et al., 2021; Weiss et al., 2011), it is important to understand how traumatic experiences influence substance use treatment specifically. This knowledge can guide treatment interventions and help improve the efficacy of clinical practice. Because effectiveness of treatment is often based on how long clients spend in treatment (NIDA, 2020), we focused on identifying factors that influence both program completion and time spent in treatment for adults with a substance use disorder. We first hypothesized that a client’s family history of substance use would be related to childhood trauma and neglect. This hypothesis was supported by our data, indicating that those whose family members used substances had a higher probability of reported neglect and traumatic experiences in childhood. This finding supports recent research indicating that children with caregivers who use substances are at increased risk for trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (Sprang et al., 2010; Woods-Jaeger et al., 2019). The relationship between family substance use and childhood trauma is likely a result of tension in the home and the isolating nature of substance use. This lack of involvement between parents and children can also lead to neglect.
Hospitals’ Food Services Quality and Factors Associated with Patients’ Satisfaction in University Hospitals in the North of Iran
Published in Hospital Topics, 2023
Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan, Heydar Ali Balou, Somayeh Pourabdollahy, Azin Vakilpour, Arsalan Salari, Pantea Ghazi-Hashemi, Asieh Ashouri
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients commonly do not consume adequate foods and nutrients during their hospital stays which can be associated with their diseases severity and chronicity, so the quality of foods and catering services in addition to staff training are valuable to enable patients to receive required energy and meet their nutritional needs (Messina et al. 2013). Inadequate and unprofessional attention to food services in hospitals is one of the main reasons for incomplete treatment and can lead to a number of complications including weight loss, malnutrition and micronutrients deficiencies in patients at the time of discharge (Álvarez Hernández et al. 2015). Neglect in the mentioned areas increases the prevalence of malnutrition and other costly diseases in the society as well as the length of hospital stay, hospital costs, disability and death (Álvarez Hernández et al. 2015).
Reporting suspicion of child maltreatment - a 5 yr follow-up of public dental health care workers in Norway
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, Karin Goplerud Berge, Ingfrid Vaksdal Brattabø
Child maltreatment is the act or omission by caregivers, regardless of intent, that results in the threat of harm or actual harm to children, encompassing physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, neglect, and intimate partner violence [1]. Neglect includes failure to meet a child’s basic needs, including physical-, emotional-, educational-, medical- and dental needs [1]. Globally, about 40 million children experience abuse or child maltreatment annually with about 25% reporting physical-, 30% sexual - and 36% emotional abuse, and 16% physical neglect at some point during their childhood [2]. International studies have shown that the prevalence of children experiencing different forms of maltreatment range between 10% and 36% [3–8]. An earlier population-based study of Norwegian adolescents revealed prevalence rates of sexual abuse amounting to 6% and 1.6% in girls and boys, respectively [9]. In a recent Danish population-based study, the prevalence of various child maltreatments before the age of 12 years varied from 3% to 5% [7].