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The role of decisions and judgements as part of the assessment process
Published in Helen Taylor, Ian Stuart-Hamilton, Assessing the Nursing and Care Needs of Older Adults, 2021
Thompson and Dowding6 describe information processing as being one of the most influential models of decision making adopted by researchers in the health professions. Although much of this work centres on the work of doctors and the making of clinical diagnoses,13 variations of the information-processing model have been widely adopted in nurse decision-making research.10,14,15
Opening the Door to Efficientcare
Published in David B. Friend, HealthCare.com, 2020
Paradoxically, the driver of efficiency for the health care delivery engine is element two — information processing. Assume we are wasting nearly 80 percent of total available resources on elements one and three, so the efficiency of the system is roughly 20 percent. Put another way, for any given hour in a doctor’s day, 24 minutes is spent on retrieving patient information and another 24 minutes is spent writing prescriptions and pleading with managed care companies to deliver more care. That only leaves 12 minutes to spend with a patient — and people always wonder where their doctors are. While they may assume they’re playing golf, on the contrary, they’re more likely running around trying to find records or get dispensation. Perhaps this helps explain why the morale of health care professionals is declining. With doctors unable to do the job they were trained for, morale worsens, quality declines, and patients suffer.
Consent and privacy
Published in Andreas Müller, Peter Schaber, The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Consent, 2018
Bart Custers, Francien Dechesne, Wolter Pieters, Bart Schermer, Simone van der Hof
In the context of privacy and data protection, it is usually assumed that consent is only valid when it is informed consent. An essential aspect of informed consent is that the person who is asked for consent should be properly informed of what exactly he or she is consenting to and is to some extent (made) aware of the consequences such consent may have. In the context of information technology, consent decisions concern the sharing and disclosure of personal data. From an ethical and legal perspective, several crucial criteria can be identified in the context of automated information processing.
Theory-guided teaching: Implementation of a clinical reasoning curriculum in residents
Published in Medical Teacher, 2019
Verity Schaye, Kinga L. Eliasz, Michael Janjigian, David T. Stern
Another limitation of this study pertains to aspects of the DTI assessment tool and the issue of context specificity. Diagnostic reasoning is a complex interplay between physician factors and context (Durning and Artino 2011). However, there are also unique physician characteristics that impact the diagnostic reasoning process among them the physician’s internal mental processes. The underpinning theories of this conceptual model of diagnostic reasoning are information processing theory and situativity theory (Durning et al. 2013). In information processing theory, the focus is on the physician’s mental processes and contextual factors are believed to be less important. DPT and ST are types of information processing theory (Durning et al. 2013). Situativity theory stipulates that thinking is rooted in experience and as it applies to clinical reasoning context, physician factors, and their interaction are all linked (Durning et al. 2010, 2013). Many believe that reasoning abilities cannot be separated from context and taught as a general skill (Eva 2003, 2005; Croskerry 2009b; Bordage and Eva 2016). However, even if you accept the assumption that diagnostic reasoning is a skill that can be taught, context and its interaction with physician factors including their diagnostic reasoning abilities play an important role, which decreases the reliability of using the DTI as a general assessment tool rather than a case-specific assessment tool (Bordage and Eva 2016).
Brain morphology and information processing at the completion of chemotherapy-only treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2019
Simone Darling, Cinzia Rachele De Luca, Vicki Anderson, Maria McCarthy, Stephen Hearps, Marc Seal
Standard clinical practice does not include routine neuropsychological follow-up for survivors of standard-risk ALL unless concerns are noted, and this is typically done during late-effects clinic at least 3 years after treatment completion.84 Development of guidelines for neuropsychological follow-up of ALL survivors has been limited due to a lack of longitudinal data,85 and has been largely informed by survivorship studies of children many years off treatment. Contrary to recent hypotheses that propose cognitive deficits arise insidiously years after treatment completion,86,87 the current findings suggest that information processing deficits can be present as early as 3 months after treatment completion. Given these results clinicians should be vigilant for information processing deficits during early post-treatment follow-up appointments. Staff should be reminded and encouraged to refer individuals for formal cognitive assessment if difficulties are noted.
Unsafe cycling behaviours and near crashes among Italian cyclists
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2018
Víctor Marín Puchades, Luca Pietrantoni, Federico Fraboni, Marco De Angelis, Gabriele Prati
This study has several theoretical and practical implications. To begin with, we have introduced smartphone-specific violations in the model and conceptualized them as a qualitatively different type of violation that is affecting unsafe behaviours relying on information processing (i.e. errors). Moreover, we have found them to predict near crashes and crashes through an indirect effect. This entails that smartphone-specific violations have an effect on other unsafe behaviours and, therefore, offers a broader understanding of how such behaviours end up leading to eventual crashes. In addition, given the high frequency of smartphone use reported in several studies (e.g. Goldenbeld et al., 2012; Ichikawa & Nakahara, 2008), we want to emphasize the importance of future study of these type unsafe behaviours and how they might be contributing to error occurrence. Moreover, adopting the Safety Pyramid model, we found near crashes to predict crashes. This provides further knowledge about how crash events might unfold and should be considered in future research.