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Steroid Metabolism in the Brain: Role in Sexual Differentiation
Published in Akira Matsumoto, Sexual Differentiation of the Brain, 2017
Paola Negri-Cesi, Angelo Poletti, Luciano Martini, Flavio Piva
Another interesting disease is the complete androgen insensitive syndrome, or testicular feminization. This is an X-linked recessive disorder in which there are qualitative and/or quantitative defects in the AR status; genetically XY individuals possess a complete female phenotype, in spite of the presence of a normal testicular steroidogenesis.150,151 Psychologically, they behave like females, and desire to be assigned to the feminine sex. This occurs even if their brains possess a full aromatization capability and are exposed to an excess of estrogen precursors; obviously, the only sex hormone receptor present is the ER. This type of disease underlines the importance of the sociocultural experience in determining sex-related behavior in men.
Relationship of digit ratio with sexual steroid hormone receptor related genes - single nucleotide polymorphisms in a sample from Northern China
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Jie Dang, Chengfeng Ma, Fan Li, Jing Zhang, Yuan Wang, Liang Peng, Zhenghao Huo, Hong Lu, Zhanbing Ma
Although some studies have investigated the association between SSHR gene polymorphisms and 2D:4D, limitations in the selection of genes and SNPs, as well as differences in population genetic backgrounds, have prevented a full understanding of the biological mechanism behind digit ratio. Given the crucial role of SSHR in regulating sex hormone levels, it may play a role in mediating the involvement of sex hormones in the formation of 2D:4D. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the research on SSHR SNPs in different populations to further explore their association with digit ratio. This study aims to confirm the contribution of sex steroid hormones to 2D:4D by analysing the correlation between 10 SNPs of 4 sex hormone receptor-related genes and digit ratio among college students in Northern China.
Microsatellite variation of ESR1, ESR2, and AR in Serbian women with primary ovarian insufficiency
Published in Climacteric, 2018
J. Li, R. Dalgleish, S. Vujovic, S. Dragojevic-Dikic, M. Ivanisevic, M. Ivovic, M. Tancic, J. Thompson, F. Al-Azzawi
The androgen receptor (AR), the only sex hormone receptor gene encoded on the X chromosome, is essential for the male reproductive process. AR expression in the development of follicles in rat ovary has been described17, and excess androgen production causes infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome18, so it is plausible that AR-mediated androgen signaling plays an important physiological role in the female reproductive system. Furthermore, AR-knockout mice have low follicle counts and eventually develop POI phenotypes19. Within the first exon of the AR gene lie two microsatellite polymorphisms, one with a CAG repeat [(CAG)n] and one with a GGN repeat [(GGN)n]. A limited number of studies have found an association of CAG repeats of the AR gene in POI20,21 while others have not16,22, and for the GGN repeats a significant association has been demonstrated with POI in Indian women22.
Sex-related hormone receptor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with androgen estrogen-ɑ and prolactin receptor expression and influence of prognosis
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Mengjia Fei, Jingwen Zhang, Jiaqing Zhou, Yanan Xu, Jiadong Wang
Even though laryngeal cancer has significant sex differences, our data have not identified the obvious difference among the receptor expression and survival for males and females. There are similar studies regarding sex difference related to laryngeal cancer survival, among them most of authors pointed that this difference don’t have meaningful effect on the postoperative survival rate [5,7,8,11]. One study of 10,429 patients with localized laryngeal cancer showed that the sex difference had a tendency to influence survival of patients with laryngeal cancer, but there was no statistical significance (p = .07) [10]. On the other hand, as an important sex hormone receptor, the expression of AR failed to influence the tumourigenesis and clinicopathologic parameters of laryngeal cancer patients in our study. These results are in accordance with the approved conclusions, some of which even challenged the expression level of AR.