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Endocrine Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Finally, for women with hormone-receptor-positive (i.e., ER+ve and/or PR+ve) breast cancer, endocrine therapies can be provided, which is the main topic of this chapter. It is also worth noting that extended endocrine therapy with antiestrogen agents such as tamoxifen and letrozole for up to five years or longer can be offered to suitable patients with ER+ve breast cancers to lower the long-term risk of the disease re-occurring. In this case the drugs are acting as chemopreventive agents, and this approach is discussed further in Chapter 12.
Cesarean Section in the Setting of Fibroid Uterus and Cesarean Myomectomy
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Andrea Tinelli, Marina Vinciguerra, Antonio Malvasi, Michael Stark
In this regard, the most investigated drugs are the so-called SPRMs (selective progesterone receptor modulators), also mistakenly called “anti-progestins,” which have a chemical structure similar to that of progesterone. Owing to this structure, they can interact with co-repressors and co-activators of progesterone receptor (PR), obtaining at the same time agonistic and antagonistic effects according to tissue type, cell type, or physiological context [18–20].
Obstetrical Pathophysiology of Cocaine
Published in Richard J. Konkol, George D. Olsen, Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, 2020
J. Christopher Glantz, James R. Woods
Progesterone receptors have been localized to aortic media smooth muscle in the baboon, and to a lesser extent in myocardial and interstitial cells.128 Administration of estrogen increases the progesterone receptor content in these tissues.129 In humans, progesterone receptors have been identified in aortic smooth muscle and myocardium, but not in vessels of the uterus, breast, kidney, or gastrointestinal tract.130 To determine whether the rise in progesterone might explain cocaine’s increased toxicity during pregnancy, Plessinger and Woods catheterized oophorectomized nonpregnant sheep and administered intramuscular progesterone at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days.131 During these 3 days, adrenergic receptor sensitivity was monitored using daily challenges with intravenous norepinephrine. Additionally, daily bolus infusions of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg cocaine were administered. Progesterone treatment did not modify alpha adrenergic receptor sensitivity as measured by cardiovascular response to norepinephrine. In contrast, the hypertensive and chronotropic responses to cocaine increased twofold and threefold, respectively, when compared to responses observed before the initial dose of progesterone had been administered (Figure 3.14). Increased cardiovascular toxicity associated with pregnancy appears to be due to an effect of progesterone on the action of cocaine, but does not involve a change in alpha adrenergic receptor sensitivity.
Understanding the killer-cell immunoglobulin like receptor polymorphism in retinoblastoma
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2023
Ritu Aggarwal, Madhulika Sharma, Usha Singh, Kay Poulton, Tanvi Bhatia, Navdeep Mangat, Nandita Kakkar, Deepak Bansal
Among the inhibitory KIRs, we observed KIR2DL5 to be a predisposing gene for retinoblastoma. The role of KIR2DL5 in predisposition to several cancers, including multiple myeloma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, breast cancer, and HNSCC, has been well documented (9,16–18). Their role in the causation of progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer was described by Larki et al (15). The other inhibitory gene which exhibited a significant role was KIR2DL2. Similar to our observation, Larki et al. reported increased susceptibility to estrogen receptor- positive breast cancer (15). Increased susceptibility to breast cancer has been reported in the Brazilian population as well (19). Further, the phase-I clinical trial of IPH2101, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against common KIRs, in combination with immunomodulating agent lenalidomide, showed promising novel, steroid sapring, dual immune therapy for multiple myeloma (20).
Cytoprotective effect and clinical outcome of perioperative progesterone in brain tumors, a randomized microscopically evidence study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Omyma Shehata Mohamed, Mohab Mohamad Darwish, Marian fathy Gayyed, George abdelshaheed Hanna, Walid Zeidan Nanous, Mina Maher Raouf
The current study recognized upregulation of nuclear receptors for progesterone with enhanced intensity and proportion of staining uptake in participants treated by progesterone (PR group) presented by high significant difference in the score (p-0.0001) and better postoperative course (earlier weaning and shorter ICU stay). Progesterone has multiple widely distributed receptors in the brain and through activation of tow common pathways (genomic and non-genomic) may exert its neuroprotective actions [19]. In the genomic pathway, progesterone binds to its intracellular receptor (PR) and activate a transcription factor which in turn regulate the gene expression. Meanwhile, through the non-genomic route progesterone exerts an activating effect on G protein (mPRs) [20]. The antitumor effect of progesterone has been proven to be produced by restoring the proliferative balance, the ability for apoptosis, and increasing the drugs chemosensitivity [4].
Landscape of cancer-associated fibroblasts identifies the secreted biglycan as a protumor and immunosuppressive factor in triple-negative breast cancer
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Shaoquan Zheng, Yutian Zou, Yuhui Tang, Anli Yang, Jie-Ying Liang, Linyu Wu, Wenwen Tian, Weikai Xiao, Xinhua Xie, Lu Yang, Jindong Xie, Weidong Wei, Xiaoming Xie
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was obtained using the TCGAbiolinks package in R software.19,20 The transcripts per million (TPM) value was estimated at the transcript level. Patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer histologically and available for transcriptomic data were included. To further distinguish triple-negative breast cancer samples from the breast cancer cohort (BRCA), patients with immunohistochemically negative estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were included. A total of 116 patients were enrolled in the TCGA-TNBC cohort. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using vital status and days from diagnosis to death or the last follow-up date. Only patients with active follow-up information were included in survival analysis.