China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Uterine Microbiota
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Jonah Bardos, Carlos Simón, Inmaculada Moreno
Landmark studies by Moreno and collaborators demonstrated that the presence of pathogens in the endometrium during the window of implantation was associated with poor reproductive outcomes, whereas Lactobacillus dominance conferred a protective benefit, resulting in increasing implantation rates.4,79 However, given that 16S rRNA methodology only allows for taxonomic identification at the genus level, it is unclear whether certain species or subspecies of Lactobacillus may be capable of conferring this benefit, or whether the presence of any type of Lactobacillus prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria, leading to a normal or healthy microbiota. A recent study on the endometrial microbiota and chronic endometritis reported that Lactobacillus crispatus was less abundant in patients with CE, suggesting that there may be certain Lactobacillus spp. that are protective.80 Another study in 2019 by Garcia-Grau et al. found Gardnerella vaginalis causing uterine dysbiosis after repeated sampling over an 18-month period in a patient with recurrent reproductive failure.
Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: Evidence-based approaches
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
James A. McGregor, Michael W. McCullough
In the healthy vagina, between 5 and 15 microbial species are usually recoverable. High concentrations (105–106/g of fluid) of lactic acid–producing acidophilic facultative lacto-bacilli are normally the predominant microflora found throughout the menstrual cycle (23,24). Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus gasseri represent the predominant vaginal species (24). Many of these produce H2O2 along with lactic acid. Other bacteria account for the remaining 10% of bacteria recovered (23–25).
Microbiological diagnosis: The human endometrial microbiome—Endometritis
Published in Carlos Simón, Linda C. Giudice, The Endometrial Factor, 2017
Inmaculada Moreno, Carlos Simón
The bacteria colonizing the genital tract represent 9% of the total human microbiome (12). Vaginal tissue in healthy women is most populated by Lactobacillus species, followed by bacteria from different families such as Prevotella, Gardnerella, and Atopobium (13) (Figure 5.2). The molecular identification of vaginal nonculturable bacterial species was first published in 2002 and described the amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in asymptomatic reproductive-age (14) and postmenopausal women (15). Since then, many reports have described the vaginal microbiome in women of reproductive age, nonpregnant women from different ethnicities (16,17), pregnant women (18,19), patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) (20), and patients with recurrent vaginal infections (21). All these reports conclude that the vaginal microbiome of healthy women is dominated by Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasserii, and Lactobacillus jensenii, and that changes in the bacterial community composition may favor an imbalance in the physiological conditions of the genitourinary tract, leading to dysbiosis or a pathological state.
Potential role of ocular surface microbiota in keratoconus etiopathogenesis
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
Uğur Tunç, Yusuf Yıldırım, Ali Rıza Cenk Çelebi, Burçin Kepez Yıldız
Allergic conjunctivitis, one of the most common diseases affecting the ocular surface, is usually related with type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. In recent decades, allergic diseases have become a major public health problem in developed countries [71]. In a seven-year cohort study evaluation of the development of childhood allergies, a negative correlation was found between microbial diversity in oral microbiota in early childhood and asthma and allergic conjunctivitis. In the population with allergic symptoms, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus crispatus were detected at a low rate, and it was emphasized that these bacterial species could be used as probiotics in the treatment of allergic diseases in the future [72]. In another study, a negative correlation between ocular surface microbiome diversity and allergy severity was shown in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients [28].
Gut commensal microbiota and decreased risk for Enterobacteriaceae bacteriuria and urinary tract infection
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Matthew Magruder, Emmanuel Edusei, Lisa Zhang, Shady Albakry, Michael J. Satlin, Lars F. Westblade, Line Malha, Christina Sze, Michelle Lubetzky, Darshana M. Dadhania, John R. Lee
Interestingly, we also report that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus is associated with an increased hazard ratio for the development of Enterobacteriaceae bacteriuria and UTI. With respect to microbial interactions with Lactobacillus, we have found that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus is correlated with decreased microbial diversity, is negatively correlated with the combined relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia, but not correlated with the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Vaginal suppositories of Lactobacillus crispatus has been associated with decreased development of UTI 23 and mixed data exists on the use of oral Lactobacillus species for the prevention of UTI.24 It is possible that the gut abundance of Lactobacillus does not directly correlate with vaginal or urinary abundances of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, from our correlational data, Lactobacillus could be a biomarker for decreased microbial diversity manifested by decreased relative abundance of commensal bacterial taxa such as Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia.
Probiotic and cranberry supplementation for preventing recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in premenopausal women: a controlled pilot study
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Parshottam Koradia, Shital Kapadia, Yamini Trivedi, Gajendrasinh Chanchu, Ashton Harper
The findings with BKPro-Cyan are notable when compared with the literature since they are the first to suggest clinical benefit of an oral preparation in premenopausal women suffering with recurrent UTIs. In the aforementioned Cochrane systematic review involving 9 studies and 735 participants, no significant clinical benefit for probiotics administered orally or intravaginally (pessary) for different periods to women or girls with recurrent UTIs was observed in the group overall [22]. Interestingly, one study which also used a Lactobacillus-based probiotic (but administered intravaginally), noted robust and prolonged re-colonization with Lactobacillus crispatus in women with recurrent UTI [29]. This was associated with a trend toward a reduction in the incidence of UTIs [the rate of culture-confirmed UTI was 15% in the probiotic group, as compared with 27% for placebo (relative risk, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2–1.2)]. Whilst these findings align with the results of our pilot study, they are not as substantial, and intravaginal administration also suffered from the drawback of a high incidence of AEs (56%) such as vaginal discharge/itching, and abdominal discomfort.