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Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Riyasree Paul, Sourav Kabiraj, Sreejan Manna, Sougata Jana
Hyaluronan is glycosaminoglycans (GAG) based linear mucopolysaccharide containing alternative units of uronic acid and N-acetylated hexosamine in a repeating configuration. Hyaluronan is a non-sulfated polysaccharide, which is commonly known as hyaluronic acid. It is a negatively charged heteropolysaccharide. This marine polysaccharide consist of D-glucuronic acid unit and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine unit linked with glycosidic bonds (Gupta et al. 2019). Hyaluronic acid is commonly used in the cosmetic industry, tissue regeneration, wound healing, cell proliferation and as a polymer in drug delivery application (Goldberg and Buckwalter 2005). Apart from these, it is also used as a biological marker in determining the fraction of synovial fluids in different body joints for arthritis patients (Papakonstantinou et al. 2012).
Medical-Aesthetic Treatments in the Survivor Patient
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
These side effects remain for some time after oncological treatment has finished or do not disappear at all. Treatments for this might include the following: Hyaluronic acid for hydration.Mesotherapy (vitamins/homeopathy): It must be confirmed that no component in these could interfere with the pharmacokinetics of the oncological medicines, in the event that the patient—even if in disease remission—had to continue to take them.Carboxytherapy: This treatment restores microcirculation and helps collagen formation [3]; it is used safely in the treatment of digestive pathologies [4].Superficial/medium peelings: These should start with the least irritating.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): There is no evidence that the use of growth factors could constitute a danger for neoplastic growth or tumor progression or metastatic spread in patients with previously diagnosed malignant oncologic process [5]; certainly, it has been used in mammary reconstruction after conservative surgery for mammary cancer [6].
Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mayuri Napagoda, Sanjeeva Witharana
Eighty percent of the dry weight of skin is considered to be collagen and is responsible for the tensile strength of the skin. Collagenases are a type of metalloproteinase that can cleave molecules in the extracellular matrix. Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix that contains elastin. Elastin provides much of the elastic recoil properties of skin, arteries, lungs, and ligaments. Loss of elastin is a major part of what causes visible signs of aging in the skin. Hyaluronic acid has a role in retaining the moisture, structure, and elasticity of the skin while facilitating rapid tissue proliferation, regeneration, and repair. The levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid would decrease with aging, and this could lead to a loss of strength and flexibility in the skin, causing the emergence of wrinkles (Ndlovu et al. 2013). Moreover, the high levels of ROS induce the action of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase, which can further contribute to skin aging (Labat-Robert et al. 2000, Ndlovu et al. 2013). However, natural materials with anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase properties can help to prevent the undesirable age-associated destruction of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid (Thring et al. 2009, Ndlovu et al. 2013).
The Roles of Vitreous Biomechanics in Ocular Disease, Biomolecule Transport, and Pharmacokinetics
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Richard H. Luo, Nguyen K. Tram, Ankur M. Parekh, Raima Puri, Matthew A. Reilly, Katelyn E. Swindle-Reilly
Figure 1 gives a lumped parameter model of the role of vitreous biomechanics in the eye. Collagen fibers are represented by an elastic spring, while hyaluronic acid is schematically represented by a dashpot as it contributes primarily to the viscous behavior of the vitreous. Growth and osmotic swelling of the vitreous tamponades the retina and choroid against the sclera; these tissues are otherwise only held in place by surface tension. Liquefaction and/or posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) could diminish the swelling pressure and therefore increase the likelihood of retinal detachment. The internal tension theory suggests that growth and swelling would elongate the collagen spring, thereby increasing the in vivo stiffness of the vitreous. Finally, swelling of the vitreous may be essential to growth of the developing eye: the resulting stresses would be transmitted to the corneoscleral shell.11
Peyronie’s disease – outcomes of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Austin T. Mefford, Omer Raheem, Faysal A. Yafi, Laith M. Alzweri
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that is used in certain conditions to reduce swelling and cytokine-mediated inflammation. The use of HA in PD is still novel and requires more investigation; however, preliminary studies have shown IL HA to reduce plaque size, lessen penile curvature, and increase sexual function in men with PD [26]. In a study where HA was compared to IL verapamil, the HA group showed a significant decrease in penile curvature (mean [SD] 4.6 [5.63]°) compared to baseline whereas verapamil did not; furthermore, men in the HA group reported a higher degree of sexual performance compared to baseline [27]. In one of the most recent studies in the literature of all IL therapies, a study determined that men who received CCh and INF alpha-2b injections showed a greater decrease in mean curvature when compared to verapamil and HA [28]. However, in the same study, they concluded that HA was most efficient in restoring erectile function when compared to other IL therapies [28].
Improved oral delivery of quercetin with hyaluronic acid containing niosomes as a promising formulation
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Zaynab Sadeghi-Ghadi, Pedram Ebrahimnejad, Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri, Ali Nokhodchi
Pieces of evidence showed that hyaluronic acid as a biological polymer can induce important physiological functions in the living organism, including the preservation of viscoelastic properties in connective tissue fluids. It is also the main composite of the skin. Recent reports have indicated that hyaluronic acid has good effects on skin repair and wound healing. This polymer also has many applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products due to its biologically compatible properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and viscoelastic properties. In addition, current investigations have presented that, hyaluronic acid conjugation can improve the biopharmaceutical properties of the drugs including instability and low solubility [25,26]. Moreover, new kinds of literature have described the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency of hyaluronic acid [27,28]. Recently, it has been shown that the fabricated hyalurosomes using hyaluronic acid and phospholipon® P90G were able to deliver curcumin (an antioxidant agent) as well [21,29].