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Alginate and Hydrogel Applications for Wound Dressing
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Dina Fransiska, Ellya Sinurat, Fera Roswita Dewi, Hari Eko Irianto
An acidic gel is created when the pH of the alginate solution is decreased below the pKa of the uronic acid in a highly regulated manner. The gel is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds between molecules. Two methods are commonly used to make acidic gels. Hydrolyzed lactones are slowly GDL added to the Na-alginate solution in the first approach. Proton exchange is used in the second method to convert a pre-formed Ca-alginate gel into an acidic gel (Chuang et al., 2017; Pawar & Edgar, 2012).
CD14, An Innate Immune Receptor for Various Bacterial Cell Wall Components
Published in Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison, Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
Artur J. Ulmer, Volker T. El-Samalouti, Ernst T. Rietschel, Hans-Dieter Flad, Roman Dziarski
The first report on the involvement of CD 14 in the bioactivity of an inflammatory compound other than LPS concerned mannose-uronic polymers (47). It was shown that the binding of uronic acid polymers as well as the activation of human monocytes by these structures were CD 14 dependent. However, cells of the astrocytoma cell line U373 were unable to respond to the polyuronic acid even in the presence of serum containing sCD14. These cells are known to produce IL-6 in response to LPS in the presence of sCD14. Therefore, it was concluded that these uronic acid polymers interact with membrane-bound CD 14 but are unable to bind to the up-to-now unidentified receptor for LPS-sCD14 complexes present on CD 14-negative cells (like endothelial cells or cells of the astrocytoma cell line U373). Two candidates for this receptor have been described: a 80 kDa membrane protein, which is able to bind LPS in presence of sCD14 and LBP in a ligand blotting assay (48), and a 216 kDa protein, which binds sCD14 when LPS is present (49).
Glycosaminoglycans
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Morrison and co-workers, from the Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research in Loma Linda, found that significant amounts of CS were found in the circulation after oral administration to mice, rats, and dogs.1202 Interestingly, CS doses of 2.0 mg/g to dogs produced a twofold higher peak serum uronic acid level than doses of 4.8 mg/g in rats. Perhaps this finding indicates that animals regularly consuming meat would have enhanced ability to digest GAGs. If so, then humans should also possess more enhanced ability for CS uptake than mice, rats, or rabbits.
A putative LysR-type transcriptional regulator inhibits biofilm synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Xiaojing Yang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhiwei Huang, Xixi Zhang, Donghang Li, Li Sun, Jiajia You, Xuewei Pan, Hongjiang Yang
Uronic acid was analyzed as described elsewhere (Ma et al. 1998). In brief, sodium alginate solutions of various concentrations were used to create a calibration curve for analysis of alginate production. The strains were grown in the three-fold diluted LB medium for 24 h. The harvested supernatants were treated with 2.1% cetylpyridinium chloride. The pelleted alginate was purified with isopropanol precipitation and dissolved in saline for analysis. All samples were sequentially treated with borate-sulfuric acid at 0 °C for 10 min and carbazole/ethanol solution at 55 °C for 30 min. The OD530 was measured after incubation at room temperature for 2 h. Triplicates of each sample were tested and the Student’s t-test was performed to analyze the differences.
Extraction and chemical characterization of novel water-soluble polysaccharides from two palm species and their antioxidant and antitumor activities
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Dawood H. Dawood, Mohamed S. Elmongy, Amr Negm, Mohamed A. Taher
There is already confirmed for chemoprevention and anti-cancer properties of numerous polysaccharides extracted from many herbs, which are employed via immune response of host organism [66]. IR data in this study indicate the proper existence of uronic acids in the extracted polysaccharides. In this respect, the antitumor activity of polysaccharides from apple peel pomace studied by HepG2 cells was connected with the content of uronic acids [67]. Additionally, β-Glucans have been stated as an antitumor polysaccharide by Maeda and Chihara [68]. Thus, the crude polysaccharide from CM and CH in the present study might have the β-glycan of a different type (or amount), which increases their antitumor activities.
Safety and efficacy of idursulfase in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome): a post-marketing study in Japan
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2020
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome; OMIM 309,900) is one of seven rare metabolic diseases resulting from enzyme deficiencies that affect the lysosomal metabolism of glycosaminoglycans [1–3]. Most of the mucopolysaccharidoses are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. However, MPS II is X-linked; thus, mostly males are affected, although, on rare occasions, heterozygous females can manifest symptoms [2,4]. Patients with MPS II are deficient in the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S), which leads to the cellular accumulation of uronic acids (UAs). This accumulation results in subsequent and progressive cellular damage in multiple organ systems and ultimately, organ failure [2,5].