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Wrinkles
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Wrinkles, also known as a rhytides, are folds, lines, or creases that form in the skin. Wrinkles are shallow (fine surface lines) or deep, forming crevices or furrows. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of the aging processes especially around the eyes, mouth, and neck. Treatment for fine surface lines is typically more effective than for deeper wrinkles.
Cosmetic Facial Interventions
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Chemical peeling is the topical application of chemical agents to cause controlled destruction of part or all the epidermis, with or without dermal injury. This leads to desquamation, liquefaction and coagulation of the affected layers, followed by inflammation, and finally regeneration of epidermal and dermal tissues. Indications for chemical peeling include fine lines and wrinkles, pigmentation disorders such as solar lentigines and melasma, superficial acne scars and benign epidermal growths.
The Aesthetic Standard for Contouring and Facial Dynamics
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
Wrinkles appear from the initial dynamic contraction of mimetic muscles that pull or squeeze facial soft tissues as dynamic lines. After years of folding, these temporary lines turned into permanent indented marks. The deep dents that persist symbolize age and show the traces of repeated muscle action. However, wrinkles, especially the dynamic ones, suggest also the normal dynamicity of the face and, of course, the expressions, moods, emotions, and well-being of the subject. Dynamic movements and expressive folds are inherent and normal since birth; contour lines around the eyes and the modiolus of the mouth are natural and would not be interpreted as signifying age when they appear in adolescents. When treating wrinkles, we have to realize there is nothing wrong with the movements of mimetic muscles or the folds and lines that relate to muscle contraction. It is not the line itself but the pattern of these lines and the presentation of the neighboring structures that suggest tissue laxity and soft-tissue sagginess.
Ginkgo biloba leaves extract’s cosmeceutical evaluation: a preliminary assessments on human volunteers towards achieving improved skin condition and rejuvenation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif, Hamdoon A. Mohammed, Ali M. Al-Khalaf, Omar Khan, Mahmoud A. H. Mostafa, Rwaida A. Al Haidari, Hesham H. Taha, Riaz A. Khan
The human skin is a complex structure and have multiple functions. The reasons for skin damage are vague, but modern theories have described it due to stopping certain biological systems’ proper functioning that is related to and consequential to the skin damage and loss of proper functioning, moistening as well as youthfulness [21]. The skin’s natural and environmentally-acquired damage is characterized by irregular pigmentation, drying, roughness, loss of elasticity, and wrinkles formation. Other reasons are unsubstantiated, and the damage is due to the accumulation of damaged DNA formed from irregular oxidations, DNA methylation processes, etc. Skin damage is also caused by genetic and environmental factors and exposure to chemicals leading to roughness, irregular pigmentation, and decreased skin elasticity [22,23]. Nowadays, most cosmetic skincare products are claimed to provide moisturizing, rejuvenating, youthfulness, glow, and skin health, and are recommended for prophylactic use. Most people prefer to use these skin products [24,25].
Skin, hair and beyond: the impact of menopause
Published in Climacteric, 2022
C. C. Zouboulis, U. Blume-Peytavi, M. Kosmadaki, E. Roó, D. Vexiau-Robert, D. Kerob, S. R. Goldstein
Results on wrinkles are less clear. In a cross-sectional analysis, improvements in skin elasticity and wrinkle severity were observed after 5 years of HRT [93]. A 24-week study reported a statistically significant improvement with CEE versus placebo for skin thickness and fine wrinkles [94]. However, other HRT studies did not show a significant improvement in wrinkles [95,96]. In a randomized controlled trial, HRT showed some benefits on skin but did improve skin wrinkles or rigidity at most facial locations when women within 36 months of their last menstrual period were treated for 4 years with HRT (oral CEE or transdermal estradiol with micronized progesterone) versus placebo [97]. The authors suggested that confounding in non-randomized studies may occur due to race/ethnicity as women with skin of color had the lowest wrinkle scores even without HRT [97].
The eye area as the most difficult area of activity for esthetic treatment
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Anna Kołodziejczak, Helena Rotsztejn
Facial muscles become slightly longer with age and their tension increases, which result in the shortening of muscle movements amplitude in elderly people. Finally, this leads to a permanent contracture of the facial muscles beneath the skin that cause wrinkles. Initially, these wrinkles are only mimic (we blink more than 10,000 times per day), but with time they are fixed and become static wrinkles. The work of orbicularis oculi muscle of the eye is responsible for the formation of fan-shaped wrinkles which extend from the outer corner of the eye to the temporal region. Also increased tone of orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyes, descending and drooping of suborbicularis oculi fat contribute to the formation of wrinkles of the corner of the eye, called "crow's feet". In the medial part of the lower eyelid, these wrinkles are V-shaped. They are strongly intensified in people with myopia and those who screw up eyes frequently. The frowning muscle is responsible for the appearance of wrinkles between the eyebrows, which are referred to as "lion wrinkles" or "thought furrows". The longitudinal muscle is responsible for pulling down the skin in glabellar region and the formation of transverse nasal wrinkles.