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Prolactin and Uterine Adenomyose in Mice
Published in Nagasawa Hiroshi, Prolactin and Lesions in Breast, Uterus, and Prostate, 2020
Takao Mori, Hiroshi Nagasawa, Yasuhiko Ohta
In light-microscope observations, early morphological disorder of the uterus is an infiltration of the stromal fibroblasts of endometrium, into the inner myometrium, along the branches of the blood vessels. The blood vessels running straight across the inner myometrium are more highly developed and markedly dilated in the pituitary-transplanted mice, when compared to the controls, in which blood vessels run winding and the running patterns of the vascular network are hard to follow. After invasion of a large amount of stromal cells, uterine glands invade into the inner myometrium, along with the stromal cell penetration. Then, those aberrant endometrial tissues reach the connective tissue space between inner and outer smooth muscle layers. Associated with these changes, the inner smooth muscle bundles of myometrium become loose, as a whole, and thinning. They also consist of cells with scanty cytoplasm (Figures 5 and 6). With the advance of adenomyotic change, the glandular cysts penetrate the outer myometrium and are in contact with serosa, and protrude in the form of subserosal nodules (Figure 3). Ectopic glands are often accompanied by dilated blood vessels. It has been stated that in experimentally induced adenomyosis of mice, glands extending into the inner circular smooth muscle layer occur more frequently on the meso-metrial side of the uterus, where many major blood vessels branch into the uterus.9 Precise light-microscopical observations of the histogenesis have been presented.14
Neoplasia
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Tumours are further classified according to the cell type that they resemble, i.e. their differentiation. This property is usually determined by the tumour's appearance on light microscopy, i.e. its morphological phenotype. The term ‘histogenesis’ − meaning tissue of origin − is used because most tumours resemble to some extent the tissue from which they arise, although tumours of course arise from primitive stem cells so the concept of histogenesis is not very helpful scientifically. It is now clear that the phenotype and histogenesis of a tumour are not necessarily synonymous: thus rhabdomyosarcoma, a malignant tumour showing skeletal muscle differentiation, may arise at sites in which no skeletal muscle is normally found. Increasingly, traditional histological ways of defining the phenotype of a tumour are being complemented by molecular analyses, to determine the genes expressed by tumour cells.
Pathology of Human Bladder Cancer and Related Lesions
Published in George T. Bryan, Samuel M. Cohen, The Pathology of Bladder Cancer, 2017
Gilbert H. Friedell, George K. Nagy, Samuel M. Cohen
Numerous classification systems4—17 have been proposed for urinary bladder tumors, beginning with that of Broders in 1922.4 The characteristics on which these have been based include histogenesis, the gross and microscopic appearance (including both tissue and cellular characteristics), and the extent of tumor spread (stage). In the classification of bladder tumors, histogenesis plays a relatively minor role since most of the tumors of the lower urinary tract arise from the urothelium. Thus, the major emphasis in classification has been on the gross appearance of tumors, namely, papillary vs. nonpapillary growth, the stage, and the grade. These elements have been stressed in different proportions in classifications proposed during the past several years, including the Institute of Urology System,7 the Jewett-Strong Staging System (Marshall’s modification),6,8 the American Bladder Tumor Registry System,10 the Staging System of the American Joint Committee,13,17 the World Health Organization (WHO) System,13 and others.12,16 In the Central Pathology Laboratory of the National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A, the WHO and TNM systems of classifying tumors have been used, although with a slight modification which will be discussed below.
Mucinous cystadenoma with fibroma: a rare combination of collision tumour
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Tanisha Singla, Chintamani Pathak, Anam Singh, Gaurav Singla, Swati Singla, Naveen Kumar R.
Surface epithelial tumours are the commonest (65%), whereas sex cord stromal tumours account for 10% of the ovarian neoplasms. However, their combination in the form of a collision tumour are extremely rare. Various combinations of ovarian tumours that have been reported in the literature include cystadenocarcinoma and dermoid cyst (Bige et al. 2009), teratoma and mucinous cystadenoma (Tang et al. 2003), serous cystadenocarcinoma and teratoma, carcinosarcoma and dermoid cyst, choriocarcinoma and cystadenoma, sarcoma and mucinous tumour, mucinous cystadenoma coexisting with stromal tumour with sex cord elements (Yang et al. 2001), serous cystadenoma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour, granulosa cell tumour and ovarian hepatoid carcinoma (Triratanachat et al. 2004). Adult granulosa cell tumour has also been reported in combination with mucinous cystadenoma. Theory of histogenesis includes collision tumour and heterologous mucinous differentiation within an AGCT. The latter theory has been preferred because in few case reports there was admixture of the mucinous component with the granulosa component. Also, similar heterologous mucinous differentiation has been well described in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours. But in our case there was distinct interface between the two components and the combination of mucinous cystadenoma and fibroma has not been reported to-date.
Surgical management and outcome of adult posterior cranial fossa and spinal hemangioblastoma: a 6-case series and literature review
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Bruno Splavski, Blazej Zbytek, Kenan I. Arnautovic
Key histopathological components of hemangioblastoma are made of two distinctive histologic cell overall patterns (cellular and reticular) [34]. A cellular neoplastic pattern (stromal, epithelioid cells) is rare, but a reticular pattern (vascular, mesenchymal type) is more common, which was the case with our patients too. Histogenesis of stromal cells, representing a heterogeneity of differentiating mesenchymal cells, remains questionable [35]. Hence, immunohistochemistry is performed to identify the exact nature of stromal cells [36]. Nevertheless, cytogenetic profiles of cellular (stromal) and reticular (vascular) variants diverge, influencing the recurrence rate and the prognosis of such tumors in different ways [34]. In this 6-case series, the overall pattern of reticular tumor cells was recognized as a principal cellular variant with predominantly epithelioid cell type. Absence of macronucleoli and scarce mitotic activity, a distinctive microvacuolization, scarceness of feeder vessels, and an abundance of smaller vessels in histopathological tumor tissue samples appear to be typical for such kind of tumor. Regarding the frequency of nuclear degenerative pleomorphism and intranuclear inclusions, more frequent nuclear degenerative pleomorphism but equally frequent intranuclear inclusions were registered in this series (Table 2).
Primary ependymoma of the retropubic space in a male patient
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Elif Tasar Kapakli, Kemal Kosemehmetoglu, Figen Kaymaz, Bulent Akdogan, Mustafa Ozmen, Dilek Ertoy Baydar
The possible explanations for the histogenesis of ENE may depend on the tumor location. Since the sacrococcygeal ependymomas share some clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features with myxopapillary ependymoma of filum terminale, it is believed that they may arise from ependymal rests which result from the incomplete regression of caudal cell mass.6,8,10–12 Similarly, other pelvic and extrapelvic ependymomas are believed to arise from ectopic rests of ependymal tissue or neometaplasia of the peritoneum, although some consider pure ovarian ependymomas as monodermal teratomas.1 Another hypothesis suggests that primordial germ cells are misdirected under the female hormones to form ependymoma, which also explains the female predominance in pelvic and extrapelvic lesions.13