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Imaging of Cell Trafficking and Cell Tissue Homing
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Cellular therapy has become an interesting avenue for the treatment of many medical conditions in disease areas such as cardiology, neurology, oncology, and immunology. Transplanted cells can be used to repair damaged tissue, replace lost cells, or correct for aberrant processes. However, a major hurdle for widespread clinical acceptance of cellular therapy is the fact that the mechanisms underlying therapy success, or failure, are still poorly understood. In order to clarify these, cell labeling was introduced to follow the transplanted cells in an in vivo setting and to derive information on tissue function or survival, transplanted cell numbers, localization, or functionality.
Use of Amnion Epithelial Cells in Metabolic Liver Disorders
Published in Ornella Parolini, Antonietta Silini, Placenta, 2016
Roberto Gramignoli, Fabio Marongiu, Strom Stephen C.
For many years, the only option for treating chronic liver disease or metabolic defects in liver function was liver transplantation. Cellular therapy is a rapidly emerging field that holds great promise for bringing new therapeutic alternatives for life-threating and chronic diseases. More than 20 years ago, a cell-based therapeutic option for liver diseases was clinically tested: hepatocyte transplantation (HTx). Human hepatocyte infusion has been used to “bridge” or to keep the patient alive long enough to receive an organ; to regenerate liver function in acute liver failure; and primarily, to provide missing enzyme activity or function to patients with metabolic liver disease. However, a severe shortage of useful liver tissues limits a wider application of this cellular therapy, and new sources of cells are required to provide transplants to all of the patients that might benefit from this therapy.
Methods for Labeling Nonphagocytic Cells with MR Contrast Agents
Published in Michel M. J. Modo, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Molecular and Cellular MR Imaging, 2007
Joseph A. Frank, Stasia A. Anderson, Ali S. Arbab
Cellular therapy is a personalized medicine approach for the treatment of diseases. Cellular therapies have been used for more than 50 years in the form of autologous or allogenic intravenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation following ablative chemotherapy or radiation therapy to repopulate and reconstitute the bone marrow for hematopoiesis. Repopulation studies following bone marrow transplantation can be easily monitored by complete blood counts with differential cell counts or bone marrow biopsy and aspirate. However, stem cell or other cell-based therapies under investigation in preclinical studies or clinical studies involving not readily accessible tissue will require noninvasive imaging techniques coupled with a nontoxic method for labeling cells to monitor the temporal-spatial migration into target tissue.
Radiation therapy prior to CAR T-cell therapy in lymphoma: impact on patient outcomes
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Nicholas B Figura, Austin J Sim, Michael D Jain, Julio C Chavez, Timothy J Robinson
Adoptive cellular therapy is an emerging and exciting field with significant untapped potential. While the proof-of-principle has initially prioritized hematologic malignancies (DLBCL, pediatric leukemias, and multiple myeloma), researchers are also exploring the role of CAR T-cell therapy for solid malignancies. Understanding how radiation may complement CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies could also inform opportunities in the nascent field of solid tumor cellular adaptive therapy. Currently many questions remain in how to optimize the combination of CAR T-cell therapy and RT. Hypothesis-driven clinical trials are necessary to prospectively assess the impact of radiation on outcomes in patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy and understand the optimal patient selection, treatment approach, and treatment parameters. Furthermore, adaptive treatment strategies using innate tumor-specific radiosensitivity signatures and real-time changes in tumor during treatment may guide future personalized and dynamic treatment strategies.
Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for drug delivery and wound management: a review
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Dhruv Sanjanwala, Vaishali Londhe, Rashmi Trivedi, Smita Bonde, Sujata Sawarkar, Vinita Kale, Vandana Patravale
Stem cell therapy, another type of cellular therapy, uses stem cells to treat and prevent various diseases and disorders. Biomimetic systems that can imitate native body tissues, like hydrogels, are the most suitable for the delivery of stem cells. For example, in the case of critical limb ischemia, a condition caused by severe occlusion of arteries in the limbs resulting in a significant reduction in blood supply to the extremities, pro-angiogenic stem cells have been explored as a new treatment modality. In a study by Wang and coworkers, HA/chitosan composite hydrogels with immobilized C domain peptide of the insulin-like growth factor 1 were explored as carriers for adipose derived stromal cells (proangiogenic cells). The hydrogels improved the viability and proangiogenic activity of the cells. Upon injection into murine models of ischemic hind limbs, the cell-laden hydrogels significantly improved blood perfusion and muscle regeneration, thereby saving the limb function [290]. Similarly, Zhang et al. fabricated nitric oxide (NO) releasing chitosan hydrogels loaded with human placenta derived mesenchymal cells for the treatment of hindlimb ischemia. The implantation of the hydrogel ameliorated the recovery of the functions of the hindlimbs with significant enhancement neovascularization [291].
Future potential of engineered heart tissue patches for repairing the damage caused by heart attacks
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Richard J. Jabbour, Thomas J. Owen, Pragati Pandey, Sian E. Harding
The allogenic approach, if a muscle replacement strategy is to be pursued, will require long-term immunosuppression. In the first clinical trials, immunosuppression was only given for 1–2 months, and therefore there will be no cells remaining after this point. There are risks regarding long-term immunosuppression including, renal toxicity, allograft vasculopathy and the risk-benefit ratio favors long-term immunosuppression for organ transplantation including renal, liver and heart. At present, the data regarding cellular therapy means that the risk of long-term immunosuppression may outweigh the benefit of cellular therapy and therefore seeking ethical approval for long-term immunosuppression may prove more difficult. Regulatory approval for induced pluripotent stem cell products varies between countries, and Japan has recently adopted a fast track approval system allowing clinical use only if products have been deemed safe there are hints of efficacy from feasibility trials.