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Nanopharmaceuticals in Alveolar Bone and Periodontal Regeneration
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Mark A. Reynolds, Zeqing Zhao, Michael D. Weir, Tao Ma, Jin Liu, Hockin H. K. Xu, Abraham Schneider
Stem cells and tissue engineering approaches are highly attractive for alveolar bone and periodontal regeneration (Shimauchi et al. 2013). Biomaterials, active agents (e.g., growth factors), and stem cells represent important strategies in regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology, such as nanostructured biomaterials, have shown promise in providing excellent capabilities of being biocompatible, biodegradable and osteoinductive, in order to enhance stem and mesenchymal cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation (Bottino et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2018). In addition, bioactive factors, other proteins, and pharmaceuticals can be added into biomaterials (Meirelles et al. 2010). For example, platelet-rich growth factor (PDGF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), metformin, human platelet lysate (HPL), and enamel matrix derivatives have demonstrated potential to promote periodontal wound healing and regeneration (Lyngstadaas et al. 2009).
Regenerative Medicine in Pain Management
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Sharon McQuillan, Rafael Gonzalez
Regenerative medicine offers an entirely new approach to repairing, replacing, maintaining, or enhancing organ or tissue function that has been lost due to disease, injury, or aging. By combining biomedical, biochemical, and biomechanical technologies, regenerative medicine strives to improve cellular migration, replication, and remodeling.1 Treatment approaches include cell therapies, tissue engineering, gene therapy, immunomodulation therapy, and biomedical engineering.
Injectable Scaffolds for Oral Tissue Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
J.L. Suárez-Franco, B.I. Cerda-Cristerna
Regenerative medicine is a field of medicine that has seen a great increase in recent years, this due to the potential it has in repairing or replacing damaged tissues and organs whether caused by trauma, age or illness, as well as congenital defects. The bio-engineering of tissues is a discipline that has been developed during the last 25 years, this discipline, is based on the synergy of three fundamental fields of science; such as cellular engineering, where the cells with the most promising potential due to their capacity for self-replication, their immuno-modulation and, most importantly, their capacity to become any tissues, are stem cells, which have been isolated and characterized by almost any organ; the synthesis of new materials that act as scaffolding or template simulating the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the native extracellular matrix, these scaffolds are made of three different materials such as: metallic, ceramic and polymeric, being the second factor within bio -technical engineering and finally the addition or functionalization with molecules that induce the biological response of the cells towards the phenotype of the tissue or organ that it is trying to repair or replenish (Chatterjee et al. 2011; Bhattarai et al. 2018).
Comparison between stromal vascular fraction and adipose derived stem cells in a mouse lymphedema model
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Amar Bucan, Pratibha Dhumale, Mads Gustaf Jørgensen, Farima Dalaei, Alexander Wiinholt, Christian Rønn Hansen, Svend Hvidsten, Christina Baun, Eva Kildall Hejbøl, Henrik Daa Schrøder, Jens Ahm Sørensen
Regenerative medicine holds great promise in repairing damaged tissues and organs and restore functionality by stimulating the body’s own regenerative capacity [6]. As a new source for multipotent stem cells [7], adipose tissue has been introduced and considered as a great candidate for cellular therapy due to the following criteria: (a) it is easily harvested [8]; (b) it can be harvested from the patient themselves [8]; (c) possibility of harvesting an adequate number of cells for transplantation, due to the high cellular proliferation in vitro [9], (d) multipotent capacity of cell differentiation [7], (e) they have little immunogenicity [10]. It is a rich source of stem cells obtained by liposuction and subsequent enzymatic digestion. The generated heterogeneous cell population from adipose tissue is termed stromal vascular fraction (SVF) which consist of more than 10 different types of cells including adipocytes, stem cells, endothelial cells, other progenitor cells, fibroblast, T-regulatory cells and macrophages [10]. Upon in vitro culturing of SVF, a cell population emerges, termed adipose derived stem cells (ASC) although less heterogenous they are not homogenous [11].
The osteoimmunomodulatory properties of MBG scaffold coated with amino functional groups
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Deliang Zeng, Xingdi Zhang, Xiao Wang, Qingfeng Huang, Jin Wen, Xinchao Miao, Lingjie Peng, Yongsheng Li, Xinquan Jiang
Regenerative medicine aims to provide adequate biomaterials for tissue regeneration or repair. In this study, the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of MBG scaffolds were modified by amino functionalization. The experimental results showed that the pore size of the material were not obviously changed by the introduction of the amino functional group, however, which effectively improved the osteogenic ability of the scaffolds. The expression of osteogenic genes (ALP, OCN, OPG) and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10, Arg-1) of BMSCs was increased via CaSR channel and phosphorylating ERK pathway. In addition, the introduction of amino functional groups had a significant effect on the pH value of cell microenvironment, with a slight increase in the pH value of the culture medium. The results showed that the pH value changes also had a significant effect on macrophages. For example, the expression of inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α and RANKL) was significantly reduced via inhibiting the expression of transcription factors (C/EBPα and NFkB). The decrease of TNF-α expression and the increase of IL-10 expression may induce the macrophage to switch to the M2 phenotype [24,25], creating a microenvironment conducive to tissue repair with the improved osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs (Figure 6). These findings indicate that amino functionalized MBG could be used as a promising bone regeneration scaffold for good osteoimmunomodulatory properties.
Treatment of shoulder osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tears with bone marrow concentrate and whole bone marrow injections
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Marc Darrow, Brent Shaw, Nicholas Schmidt, Gabrielle Boeger, Saskia Budgett
Regenerative medicine has gained traction within recent years to be a safe and conservative procedure to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. The pioneering regenerative treatment was dextrose prolotherapy, which is an irritant solution that stimulates growth factor secretion and soft tissue healing when injected to treat musculoskeletal conditions (Kim, Stitik, Foye, Greenwald, & Campagnolo, 2004). Studies have shown positive effects of dextrose prolotherapy on OA. (Fortney et al., 2012; Rabago et al., 2013) In addition, a double-blind placebo study found that dextrose prolotherapy outperformed a control group in terms of pain and quality of life in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy (Bertrand, Reeves, Bennett, Bicknell, & Cheng, 2016).