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Non-Photocatalytic and Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Antiviral Assays and Antiviral Nanomaterials
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Suman Tahir, Noor Tahir, Tajamal Hussain, Zubera Naseem, Muhammad Zahid, Ghulam Mustafa
ZnO owns a wide bandgap of 3.3 eV in the UV range and holds exceptional chemical sensing, optical, electrical conductivity, piezoelectric, and semiconducting properties (Sirelkhatim et al. 2015). Commonly, ZnO NPs are added in paints, coatings, and sunscreens to absorb UV light, and they play a significant part in several industries, for instance, food, rubber, and pharmaceuticals. ZnO NPs are incorporated as antimicrobials into surface coatings, textiles, cellulose fibers, and cosmetics to prevent microbial growth (Dimapilis et al. 2018). ZnO NPs are considered as a suitable antibacterial agent since they are stable in severe processing circumstances and are recognised as harmless materials for animals and humans. Moreover, ZnO NPs are employed as an effective drug-delivery system. Along with its exceptional antifungal and antibacterial features, ZnO NPs own higher photochemical and catalytic activities. Also, ZnO NPs display vital microbial action versus numerous kinds of microorganisms involving viruses. ZnO NPs based drugs for the suppression of H1N1 influenza viral contagion were examined, and it was observed that PEGylated-based ZnO NPs might be an innovative, efficient, and auspicious antiviral candidate (Ghaffari et al. 2019).
Hepatic disorders in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Ghassan M. Hammoud, Jamal A. Ibdah
The current available anticopper agents are penicillamine, zinc, trientine, and tetrathiomolybdate. The main therapy is penicillamine, a copper-chelating agent. Although this agent has been used in pregnancy without teratogenic effect, transient goitrous hypothyroidism in infants born to mothers with WD on penicillamine has been reported (47). Cessation of therapy can lead to fulminant liver failure and death during pregnancy. Zinc intake at a dose of 25 to 50mg three times daily in pregnancy appears to be safe with very minimal teratogenicity (48). Since penicillamine has an antipyridoxine effect, supplementation with vitamin B6 is recommended.
Emblicanin-A and Emblicanin-B: Pharmacological and Nano-Pharmacotherapeutic Perspective for Healthcare Applications
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Dipak Kumar Gupta
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by using E. officinalis leaf extract. It has been used as an antimicrobial formulation which was effective against the S. aureus, S. paratyphi, V. cholerae, and E. coli. This nanoparticle was characterized by an analytical technique like UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence measurements, XRD, FTIR, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, it was found to possess photocatalytic activities.31
Comparison of uptake and elimination kinetics of metallic oxide nanomaterials on the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Andrea Rivero Arze, Catherine Mouneyrac, Amélie Chatel, Nicolas Manier
From production to release, metal oxide nanomaterials (NMs) predominate in emissions to water according to the NMs’ estimated global mass flow (Keller and Lazareva 2014). The applications of these NMs are widely spread. For example, SiO2 NMs have many applications in industry as ceramic producing, glass making, cosmetic products, medicines, magnetic mixtures and to increase the strength and stability of industrial coverings (Shariati, Poordeljoo, and Zanjanchi 2020). Applications of TiO2 NMs include the food industry, personal care products, catalysis, purification agents, antimicrobial agents, and numerous coatings of building materials (Tan and Wang 2017). CeO2 NMs have been used increasingly in ceramics, photosensitive glass, fuel catalysts, sunscreens, and paints (Angel, Vallotton, and Apte 2015). ZnO NMs are being used in sunscreens, cosmetics, ointments (antimicrobial), paints, plastics, and electronic semi-conductors (Bhuvaneshwari et al. 2018). Given this widespread use of NMs containing products and the augmented number of NMs applications, it is expected that the amount of metal-based engineered NMs released into the aquatic environment will continue to increase (Baek et al. 2020).
Determination of the relative contribution of the non-dissolved fraction of ZnO NP on membrane permeability and cytotoxicity
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2020
Tahereh Ziglari, Donald S. Anderson, Andrij Holian
Engineered nanoparticles are currently being produced in high quantities (Sapsford et al. 2013). Among various NP, ZnO NP have the third highest production rates, attributable to their extensive use in consumer products (Kołodziejczak-Radzimska and Jesionowski 2014). Due to its antibacterial and generally assumed biocompatible characteristics, ZnO NP have been widely used in a variety of fields such as medicine (Liu et al. 2013), cosmetics (Lu et al. 2018), and various industrial applications (Chuang et al. 2014). Furthermore, dermal application of ZnO NP products has been approved by the FDA because NP have been reported to not penetrate intact skin (Mohammed et al. 2019). While it is assumed that ZnO NP are safe (Mohammed et al. 2019), an uncertainty about off-target effects of ZnO NP in modern applications and emerging properties of these materials create concern about the safety of aerosolized ZnO NP products for the respiratory system (Xie et al. 2012).
Molecular mechanisms underlying zinc oxide nanoparticle induced insulin resistance in mice
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Hailong Hu, Qian Guo, Xingpei Fan, Xiangjuan Wei, Daqian Yang, Boya Zhang, Jing Liu, Qiong Wu, Yuri Oh, Yujie Feng, Kun Chen, Liping Hou, Ning Gu
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) represent an important class of commercially applied materials in food additives, diagnostics, drug-delivery systems, and so on (Katsumiti et al. 2016; Khan et al. 2016). The increased production and use of ZnO NPs likely increases their release into the environment, which further increases the chances of human exposure (Vandebriel and De Jong 2012; Chevallet et al. 2017). For most people, diet is the major route of intake (Setyawati, Tay, and Leong 2015). Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration classifies ZnO as ‘Generally Recognized As Safe,’ many studies indicate that the nanosized formulations have toxicity (Khan et al. 2016). ZnO NPs can reach the liver, spleen, kidneys, testes, heart, lungs, and brain in humans and may damage the vital functions of the affected organs (Vandebriel and De Jong 2012; Chevallet et al. 2017).